Publications by authors named "Angelo G Corsico"

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) is a co-dominant condition associated with an increased risk of lung and liver disease. Since it is commonly thought that 95% of severe cases of AATD have PI*ZZ genotype, most studies about AATD have been focused on the Z variant. Nevertheless, over 500 single nucleotide variations in the gene have been identified.

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  • The lungs are commonly affected by cancer spread, often due to chronic inflammation and injuries that increase cancer risk.
  • Research suggests that lung bacteria play a role in the development of lung cancer, but the relationship between chronic inflammation, bacterial presence, and conditions like bronchiectasis needs further study.
  • The goal of this research is to analyze new data and discuss the current understanding of how these factors influence the lungs, emphasizing the need for early detection and targeted treatments.
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Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm that originates from the pleural mesothelium and whose onset is mainly linked to exposure to asbestos, which cannot be attacked with truly effective therapies with consequent poor prognosis. The rationale of this study is based on the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a vehicle for chemotherapy drugs to be injected directly into the pathological site, such as the pleural cavity. The study involves the use of a conventional chemotherapeutic drug, Paclitaxel (PTX), which is widely used in the treatment of different types of solid tumors, including PM, although some limitations are related to pharmacokinetic aspects.

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  • Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a condition where a sticky substance builds up in the lungs, making it hard to breathe.
  • There are three types of PAP: primary (caused by issues with the immune system), secondary (linked to other health problems), and congenital (from birth).
  • New treatments are being developed to help, like using a substance called GM-CSF to improve lung function.
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A 41-year-old man who currently smokes with previous sporadic use of cocaine and cannabinoids was admitted at the hospital suffering from hemoptysis which had developed 4 days before. The patient was on anticoagulant therapy with rivaroxaban due to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation diagnosed in 2018, for which he had undergone pulmonary vein electrical isolation by radiofrequency and ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus in January 2019. The procedure was completed in July 2019.

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  • The study investigated the differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) between genders in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) using data from the EARCO registry.
  • It analyzed 1283 AATD patients and found that while women reported less smoking and alcohol consumption, they had a higher prevalence of bronchiectasis despite better lung function.
  • Results indicated that women experienced a similar symptom burden as men but had higher rates of exacerbations, suggesting that treatment approaches may need to be adjusted for female patients.
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  • * Bronchiectasis is associated with various comorbidities and underlying causes, with ongoing research into its inflammatory endotypes and the influence of certain genes on disease progression.
  • * The review aims to compile current knowledge on biomarkers and actionable targets in bronchiectasis, while highlighting gaps in understanding that need to be addressed for improved diagnosis and treatment.
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Background & Aims: Homozygous ZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency produces mutant AAT (Z-AAT) proteins in hepatocytes, leading to progressive liver fibrosis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of an investigational RNA interference therapeutic, fazirsiran, that degrades Z-AAT messenger RNA, reducing deleterious protein synthesis.

Methods: This ongoing, phase 2 study randomized 40 patients to subcutaneous placebo or fazirsiran 25, 100, or 200 mg.

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Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease, which is diagnosed on a compatible clinical presentation, non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in one or more tissue samples, and exclusion of alternative causes of granulomatous disease. Considering its heterogeneity, numerous aspects of the disease remain to be elucidated. In this context, the identification and integration of biomarkers may hold significance in clinical practice, aiding in appropriate selection of patients for targeted clinical trials.

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Objective: To describe the burden of moderate to severe exacerbations and all-cause mortality; the secondary objectives were to analyze treatment patterns and changes over follow-up.

Design: Observational, multicenter, retrospective, cohort study with a three year follow-up period.

Setting: Ten Italian academic secondary- and tertiary-care centers.

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Objectives: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), the major serine protease inhibitor in plasma. Reduced AAT levels are associated with elevated risk of developing emphysema mainly due to uncontrolled activity of neutrophil elastase in the lungs. The prevalent Z-AAT mutant and many rare pathogenic AAT variants also predispose to liver disease due to their accumulation as polymeric chains in hepatocytes.

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  • Tracheal stenosis is a serious complication that can greatly affect a person's quality of life, and the COVID-19 pandemic has increased its occurrence due to more people needing long-term intubation or tracheostomy for severe cases.
  • A study in Lombardy, Italy, observed 281 patients who had prolonged intubation or tracheostomy, finding that 8.5% developed tracheal stenosis after an average of 112 days.
  • The research indicated that having a tracheostomy and consuming alcohol raised the likelihood of developing stenosis significantly, highlighting the need for monitoring patients post-intubation for at least 200 days.
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Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of pulmonary disorders characterized by variable degrees of inflammation, interstitial thickening, and fibrosis leading to distortion of the pulmonary architecture and gas exchange impairment. Among them, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) displays the worst prognosis. The only therapeutic options consist of the two antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, which limit fibrosis progression but do not reverse the lung damage.

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Pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive disease with diffuse nature, low median survival, and prolonged latency presenting difficulty in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Here, we review all these aspects to underline the progress being made in its investigation and to emphasize how much work remains to be carried out to improve prognosis and treatment.

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Background: We aimed to assess whether exposure to risk factors in early life from conception to puberty continue to contribute to lung function decline later in life by using a pooled cohort comprising approx. 11,000 adults followed for more than 20 years and with up to three lung function measurements.

Methods: Participants (20-68 years) in the ECRHS and NFBC1966 cohort studies followed in the periods 1991-2013 and 1997-2013, respectively, were included.

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Air pollution is a leading risk factor for global mortality and morbidity. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying air-pollution-mediated health effects, especially in the pathogenesis/exacerbation of airway impairments. However, evidence lacks on subgroups at higher risk of developing more severe outcomes in response to air pollution.

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Rationale: Whole lung lavage (WLL) is a widely accepted palliative treatment for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) but does not correct myeloid cell dysfunction or reverse the pathological accumulation of surfactant. In contrast, inhaled recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) is a promising pharmacological approach that restores alveolar macrophage functions including surfactant clearance. Here, we evaluate WLL followed by inhaled rGM-CSF (sargramostim) as therapy of aPAP.

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Background: Understanding the natural history of abnormal spirometric patterns at different stages of life is critical to identify and optimise preventive strategies. We aimed to describe characteristics and risk factors of restrictive and obstructive spirometric patterns occurring before 40 years (young onset) and between 40 and 61 years (mid-adult onset).

Methods: We used data from the population-based cohort of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS).

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Article Synopsis
  • - Severe asthma affects roughly 10% of asthma patients and is marked by poor lung function and high eosinophil counts; this study aims to define asthma remission more clearly using a structured method.
  • - A panel of experts developed and refined a questionnaire through a two-round Delphi method to evaluate consensus on criteria for asthma remission, including clinical and inflammatory aspects.
  • - The analysis confirmed specific criteria for both complete and partial clinical remission, creating a practical tool to assess treatment effectiveness in patients with severe asthma enrolled in the Severe Asthma Network Italy registry.
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Background And Rationale: The therapeutic interventions against lung cancer are currently based on a fully personalized approach to the disease with considerable improvement of patients' outcome. Alongside continuous scientific progresses and research investments, massive technologic efforts, innovative challenges, and consolidated achievements together with research investments are at the bases of the engineering and manufacturing revolution that allows a significant gain in clinical setting.

Aim And Methods: The scope of this review is thus to focus, rather than on the biologic traits, on the analysis of the precision sensors and novel generation materials, as semiconductors, which are below the clinical development of personalized diagnosis and treatment.

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Congenital alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare inherited disorder caused by the mutation of the SERPINA1 gene on chromosome 14. At pulmonary level, AAT deficiency leads to an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema, starting from the third-fourth decade of life. At hepatic level, some variants of the allelic, in particular PI*Z, cause a conformational change of the AAT molecule, which polymerizes within the hepatocytes.

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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an underdiagnosed disorder associated with mutations in the gene encoding alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). Severe AATD can manifest as pulmonary emphysema and progressive liver disease. Besides the most common pathogenic variants S (E264V) and Z (E342K), many rarer genetic variants of AAT have been found in patients and in the general population.

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