Effect of pre-harvest inactivated yeast treatment on the anthocyanin content and quality of table grapes.

Due to the global warming, more and more often the red-pink grape varieties grown in the Mediterranean basin reveal an insufficient accumulation of anthocyanins and thus a scarce coloration. Nowadays, this is becoming an important technological issue, which may result in the reduction of the fresh market value of table grape. This study aimed at assessing the effect of the pre-harvest treatment by specific inactivated yeasts (YE) on the qualitative parameters and anthocyanin pattern of three red table grape varieties, which typically present poor and/or incomplete coloration during warm years.

Correction to: SNP genotyping elucidates the genetic diversity of Magna Graecia grapevine germplasm and its historical origin and dissemination.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Effect of two exogenous plant growth regulators on the color and quality parameters of seedless table grape berries.

Some red-pink table grape varieties, cultivated in warm climates, can fail in achieving the right level of anthocyanins responsible for the intense and uniform red color of berries. Nowadays, this is becoming an important technological issue in the Mediterranean area, which may result in decreasing market acceptance and potential economic value of table grape. Usually, plant growth regulators or phytohormones, such as S-ABA, can overcome this problem because they drive the accumulation of anthocyanins over the ripening season.

Communication and health education in communities experiencing asbestos risk and health impacts in Italy.

Introduction: Numerous municipalities in Italy currently experience asbestos health impact, in particular excesses of pleural mesothelioma incidence and mortality. This paper presents an integrated analysis of epidemiological studies and communication actions in affected municipalities to highlight how communication has been implemented depending on health impact evidence and involvement of local stakeholders.

Methodology: Four case studies are identified concerning industrial and natural sources of asbestos exposure having different diseases burden.

Classification of wine grape biotypes according to their variety and sanitary condition by fingerprinting untargeted analysis.

Grapes secondary metabolites content mainly depends on variety, but also on climate and cultural conditions, including sanitary status. This study aimed to use a metabolomic fingerprinting approach for grouping 72 wine grape biotypes, Negro amaro n. (N), Malvasia nera di Brindisi/Lecce n.

SNP genotyping elucidates the genetic diversity of Magna Graecia grapevine germplasm and its historical origin and dissemination.

Background: Magna Graecia is the ancient name for the modern geopolitical region of South Italy extensively populated by Greek colonizers, shown by archeological and historical evidence to be the oldest wine growing region of Italy, crucial for the spread of specialized viticulture around Mediterranean shores. Here, the genetic diversity of Magna Graecia grape germplasm was assessed and its role in grapevine propagation around the Mediterranean basin was underlined.

Results: A large collection of grapevines from Magna Graecia was compared with germplasm from Georgia to the Iberian Peninsula using the 18 K SNP array.

[Health impact of asbestos fibres naturally occurring in Mount Pollino area (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy)].

Objectives: to estimate the health impact of asbestos fibres naturally occurring in Mount Pollino area (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy).

Design: geographic mortality, hospitalization, and incidence study. Setting and participant s: population resident in 12 Municipalities of Mount Pollino area with naturally occurring asbestos fibres.

Effect of Implant Diameter and Ridge Dimension on Stress Distribution in Mandibular First Molar Sites-A Photoelastic Study.

The long-term clinical success of a dental implant is dependent upon maintaining sufficient osseointegration to resist forces of occlusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of implant diameter on stress distribution around screw-type dental implants in mandibular first molar sites using photoelastic models. The design included models with different buccal-lingual dimension.

Microleakage of adhesive resinous materials in root canals.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro micro-leakage resistance of adhesive resin materials to long-used zinc oxide-eugenol and epoxy resin sealers.

Materials And Methods: Seven materials, five test (Real Seal, Real Seal XT, Panavia F 2.0, Infinity Syringeable, GCEM) and two controls (Tubliseal, AH Plus), were evaluated for micro-leakage resistance in a bovine incisor root model, with 12 roots per material.

Fatigue behavior of the resinous cement to zirconia bond.

Purpose: Resinous cements are widely used for luting zirconia restorations. Adhesive failures have occurred at the cement/zirconia interface, rather than at the cement/dentin interface, suggesting that the cement/zirconia bond may lack durability; however, few comprehensive, comparative evaluations of fatigue effects have been reported. The rate of fatigue-induced loss of bond strength may be a more important predictor of long-term success than a single snapshot of bond strength after an arbitrary number of thermocycles.

Validation assay of p3_VvAGL11 marker in a wide range of genetic background for early selection of stenospermocarpy in Vitis vinifera L.

DNA markers technology, derived from research in molecular biology and genomics, offers great promise for plant breeding, allowing the "molecular breeding" via marker-assisted selection. Grapevine genomic resources allowed, in recent years, the characterization at molecular level of genes involved in interesting phenotypes such as stenospermocarpic seedlessness, a trait really appreciated by consumers. Recent studies in table grapes revealed that the VvAGL11 gene, member of the D-lineage MADS-box family, controls the ovule identity, and thus potentially playing an important role in stenospermocarpy.

Sangiovese and its offspring in southern Italy.

This paper demonstrates the importance of different approaches such as ampelography, historical researches, and molecular analysis to reveal direct parent-child relationship. The aim of this paper was to highlight the degree of relationship to five varieties spread in southern Italy, through ampelographic and molecular characterization: Sangiovese, Mantonico di Bianco, Gaglioppo di Cirò, Mantonicone, and Nerello Mascalese. Molecular characterization was carried out through 52 SSR molecular markers, showing that Sangiovese and Mantonico di Bianco are the parents of Gaglioppo di Cirò, Mantonicone, and Nerello Mascalese.

Evidences for an alternative genealogy of 'Sangiovese'.

Two different hypothesis for the parentage of 'Sangiovese', the most important and widespread Italian winegrape, have been proposed by some previous studies. We screened our grapevine collection, mostly comprising south Italian cultivars collected to preserve biodiversity, to asses kinships. Surprisingly we found two previously unreported candidate parents for 'Sangiovese'.

Microleakage resistance of minimally invasive Class I flowable composite restorations.

Minimally invasive flowable composite Class I restorations are widely used. However, flowable composites are characterized by low filler contents, modified resin formulations, low moduli of elasticity, low viscosity, generally poor mechanical properties, and decreased long-term stability. The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage resistance of a wide variety of flowable composites used with their manufacturers' recommended bonding systems to that of a long-used and widely studied microhybrid composite when placed as minimally invasive occlusal restorations.

Comparative biomechanical evaluation of mono-cortical osteosynthesis systems for condylar fractures using photoelastic stress analysis.

Fractures of the condyle account for 20-30% of all mandibular fractures, and are therefore one of the most common facial injuries. Precise evaluation of the mechanical stresses that develop in a fractured mandible is essential, particularly for the testing of systems currently used for stabilisation of the condylar fragment. Photoelastic stress analysis can be used to visualise alterations in the strain that is induced in the mandible by a fracture, and in the osteosynthesis materials used to stabilise it.

Effect of compromised cortical bone on implant load distribution.

Purpose: To investigate photoelastically the difference in load distribution of dental implants with different implant neck designs in intact and compromised bone.

Materials And Methods: Composite photoelastic models were fabricated using two different resins to simulate trabecular bone and a 1-mm thick layer of cortical bone. The following parallel-sided, threaded implants were centrally located in individual models representing intact and compromised cortical bone: Straumann (4.

Retention and load transfer characteristics of implant-retained auricular prostheses.

Purpose: The use of osseointegrated implants for maxillofacial prostheses reduces the need for adhesives, provides for a more stable and more esthetic prosthesis with thinner margins, and results in increased patient acceptance and confidence. The purpose of this study was to compare the retention and load transfer characteristics of differently designed implant-retained auricular prostheses.

Materials And Methods: A photoelastic model was fabricated of the auricular-temporal region of a human skull.

Biomechanical rationale for surgically facilitated expansion of the maxilla in the cleft palate patient.

Aim: To evaluate in vitro the biomechanical effects of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion in a photoelastic unilateral cleft palate analog by observing stresses produced during appliance activation.

Methods: A photoelastic analog of an adult skull with unilateral cleft palate was fabricated using birefringent materials to simulate bone and teeth. A customized hyrax appliance was applied to the anchor teeth and incrementally activated.

Load-induced stresses in photoelastic primary canines with facial restorations.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to photoelastically compare the stresses generated by loads on primary canines with facial restorations of different stiffness.

Methods: Composite photoelastic models of a typical maxillary primary canine were fabricated using individual simulant materials for enamel, dentin, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Models were made with identical facial preparations included either near the cementoenamel junction or at 2 mm incisally.

[Consensus Conference "Health surveillance of resident population exposed to tremolite in Local Health Unit 3 territory Lagonegro, PZ". Rome 22-23 February 2005].

Herein is reported the health surveillance document agreed upon during the Consensus Conference held in Rome at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità last year. The aim of the consensus conference was to define guidelines for epidemiologic and health surveillance of the resident population in the area of the Basilicata region exposed to tremolite pollution (Local Health Unit 3 territory Lagonegro, PZ). The health surveillance program for residents and the nested epidemiologic study evaluates for each resident willing to participate, individual exposure with a personal dosimeter, as well as the prevalence of obstructive, restrictive or mixed pulmonary functional patterns, searching for fiber and asbestos bodies in induced-sputum, the prevalence of non malignant asbestos disturbances related to pleural anomalies and, last but not least, provides information on risks and sensitization, advising on personal behaviour that could reduce the risks.

Comparing cutting efficiencies of diamond burs using a high-speed electric handpiece.

This study sought to compare the cutting efficiency of different diamond burs on initial use as well as during repeated use, alternating with sterilization. Long, round-end, tapered diamond burs with similar diameter, profile, and diamond coarseness (125-150 microm grit) were used. A high-torque, high-speed electric handpiece (set at 200,000 rpm) was utilized with a coolant flow rate of 25 mL/min.

Composite resin bond strength to primary dentin prepared with Er, Cr:YSSG laser.

This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength of a hybrid composite resin bonded to primary dentin prepared with an Er, Cr:YSGG hydrokinetic laser compared to conventional bur prepared primary dentin. The results suggest that primary dentin surfaces treated with the Er, Cr:YSGG laser, with or without etching, may provide comparable or increased composite resin bond strengths depending upon bonding agent used.

Dimensional accuracy analysis of implant framework castings from 2 casting systems.

Purpose: To compare the dimensional accuracy of implant framework castings from an argon vacuum casting machine with those from a centrifugal casting machine.

Materials And Methods: Three 4 x 10-mm external hex-type implants (3i/Implant Innovations) were embedded in an acrylic resin block 7 mm apart, with a 2 mm offset of the middle implant. Eight reference points were marked on the implant collars.

Thickness and stiffness characteristics of custom-made mouthguard materials.

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the thickness of different types of custom-made mouthguards after processing and the deformational changes after simulated occlusal loading.

Materials And Methods: Ten mouthguards were fabricated for the same dental arch using the following materials and processing techniques: Group I: vacuum-formed (4 mm), Colored Mouthguard; Group II: vacuum-formed (4 mm), Proform; and Group III: pressure-laminated (3 + 3 mm), Drufosoft. After processing, the thickness was measured in three places: lingual cusps of the first molar, distal marginal ridge of the first premolar; and facial of central incisor.

Influence of attachment systems on load transfer of an implant-assisted maxillary overdenture.

Purpose: This photoelastic study compared the load transfer characteristics of 2 retention mechanisms in an implant-assisted overdenture prosthesis.

Materials And Methods: Four implants were incorporated into a photoelastic model of a moderately resorbed edentulous human maxilla. Two retention mechanisms were studied by changing components on the same model and the palateless overdenture.