Gene-Based Molecular Tools to Improve Quantitative Detection of the Mycotoxigenic Fungus .

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin, a common contaminant of grapes and their derivatives, such as wine, and classified as possible human carcinogen (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). is the main producer of OTA in grapes. The stability of the molecule and the poor availability of detoxification systems makes the control of in vineyards the main strategy used to reduce OTA contamination risk.

Fungicide-Loaded Liposomes for the Treatment of Fungal Diseases in Agriculture: An Assessment of .

In this work, liposomes loaded with the fungicide, Fludioxonil (FLUD), for the containment of fungal diseases in agriculture were developed. Three types of vesicles with different compositions were compared: (I) plain vesicles, composed of soy phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol; (II) PEG-coated vesicles, with an additional polyethylene glycol coating; and (III) cationic vesicles, containing didodecyldimethylammonium bromide. Nanometric-sized vesicles were obtained both by the micelle-to-vesicle transition method and by the extrusion technique, and encapsulation efficiency, drug loading content, and Zeta potential were determined for all the samples.