Impact of semaglutide and dulaglutide shortages on Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prescriptions supplied for type 2 diabetes treatment.

Method: A retrospective analysis was performed of actual and predicted (Holt-Winters modelling) semaglutide and dulaglutide prescriptions supplied by the Australian PBS and Repatriation PBS in 2021-22.

Results: Semaglutide prescriptions decreased by 17% in March - September 2022, whereas dulaglutide prescriptions increased by 53% in April - July 2022 before decreasing by 17% in August - September 2022. There were 119,069 fewer semaglutide and 31,953 more dulaglutide prescriptions supplied than predicted in April - July and June - July 2022, respectively.

variants in patients with thyrotrophinomas, cyclical Cushing's disease and prolactinomas.

Introduction: Germline loss-of-function variants in , encoding peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), were recently discovered to be enriched in conditions of pathological pituitary hypersecretion, specifically: somatotrophinoma, corticotrophinoma, and prolactinoma. PAM is the sole enzyme responsible for C-terminal amidation of peptides, and plays a role in the biosynthesis and regulation of multiple hormones, including proopiomelanocortin (POMC).

Methods: We performed exome sequencing of germline and tumour DNA from 29 individuals with functioning pituitary adenomas (12 prolactinomas, 10 thyrotrophinomas, 7 cyclical Cushing's disease).

Insights into pituitary tumorigenesis: from Sanger sequencing to next-generation sequencing and beyond.

: This review explores insights provided by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of pituitary tumors and the clinical implications.: Although syndromic forms account for just 5% of pituitary tumours, past Sanger sequencing studies pragmatically focused on them. These studies identified mutations in and causing Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia-1 (MEN1), MEN4, Carney Complex-1, McCune Albright Syndrome and 3P association syndromes, respectively.

The Genomic Landscape of Sporadic Prolactinomas.

Somatic GNAS and USP8 mutations have been implicated in sporadic somatotrophinomas and corticotrophinomas, respectively. However, no genes are known to be recurrently mutated in sporadic prolactinomas. The prevalence of copy number variants (CNV), which is emerging as a mechanism of tumorigenesis in sporadic pituitary adenomas in general, is also unclear in prolactinomas.

Histological and Extended Clinical Outcomes After ABO-Incompatible Renal Transplantation Without Splenectomy or Rituximab.

Background: Excellent short-term results have been reported in ABO-incompatible (ABOi) renal transplant recipients managed solely with antibody removal and conventional immunosuppression. However, long-term clinical outcomes with this regimen and predictive information from protocol biopsies are lacking.

Methods: We compared outcome data in ABOi and ABO-compatible (ABOc) recipients receiving this regimen approximately 4 years posttransplant, and histology from biopsies approximately 12 months posttransplant.