Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Checkpoint Inhibitors in Clinical Practice in the Volga-Ural Region of the Eurasian Continent.

Introduction: Renal cancer ranks 10 in the mortality structure of the Russian Federation. The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors has changed the paradigm of treatment of patients with malignant neoplasms.

Method: Data from clinical trials have shown good progression-free median and median overall survival.

MicroRNA Expression Signatures in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: High-Throughput Searching for Key miRNA Markers in Patients from the Volga-Ural Region of Eurasian Continent.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by high molecular genetic heterogeneity, metastatic activity and unfavorable prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are 22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that are aberrantly expressed in cancer cells and have gained serious consideration as non-invasive cancer biomarkers. We investigated possible differential miRNA signatures that may differentiate high-grade ccRCC from primary disease stages.

The Role of Different Types of microRNA in the Pathogenesis of Breast and Prostate Cancer.

Micro ribonucleic acids (microRNAs or miRNAs) form a distinct subtype of non-coding RNA and are widely recognized as one of the most significant gene expression regulators in mammalian cells. Mechanistically, the regulation occurs through microRNA binding with its response elements in the 3'-untranslated region of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), resulting in the post-transcriptional silencing of genes, expressing target mRNAs. Compared to small interfering RNAs, microRNAs have more complex regulatory patterns, making them suitable for fine-tuning gene expressions in different tissues.