A new and efficient enrichment method for metagenomic sequencing of Monkeypox virus.

Background: The methodology described in previous literature for Monkeypox virus (MPXV) sequencing shows low efficiency when using metagenomic approaches. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new fine-tuned method for extraction and enrichment of genomic MPXV DNA using clinical samples and to compare it to a non-enrichment metagenomic approach.

Results: A new procedure that allows sample enrichment in MPXV DNA, avoiding wasting the sequencing capacity in human DNA, was designed.

Generalized implementation of reflex testing of hepatitis C in Galicia: Results for reflection.

Introduction: The implementation of reflex testing of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, together with the incorporation of informative alerts in the reports, has shown that it significantly reduces the number of patients who were not referred for therapeutic evaluation.

Methods: Since the implementation in 2018 of the DUSP in the Microbiology Services of the Galician Health Service hospitals (SERGAS), new diagnoses of active HCV infection have been retrospectively identified and characterized.

Results: In 2018, a total of 258 patients with unknown active HCV infection (70,2% men, middle age 52 years) were identified through by reflex testing from consultations of primary and specialized care units in 54.

Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people with HIV.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and the serological response after two doses of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: Participants were evaluated 4 weeks after the second dose of mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccine. Tolerability was evaluated with a specific adverse event questionnaire.

Generalized implementation of reflex testing of hepatitis C in Galicia: Results for reflection.

Introduction: The implementation of reflex testing of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, together with the incorporation of informative alerts in the reports, has shown that it significantly reduces the number of patients who were not referred for therapeutic evaluation.

Methods: Since the implementation in 2018 of the DUSP in the microbiology services of the Galician Health Service hospitals (SERGAS), new diagnoses of active HCV infection have been retrospectively identified and characterized.

Results: In 2018, a total of 258 patients with unknown active HCV infection (70,2% men, middle age 52 years) were identified through by reflex testing from consultations of primary and specialized care units in 54.

Direct, indirect and total effectiveness of bivalent HPV vaccine in women in Galicia, Spain.

Bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was incorporated into the childhood vaccination calendar in Galicia, Spain in 2008. The objectives of this study were to estimate direct, indirect and total effectiveness of HPV vaccine and to identify sexual habits changes in the post-vaccination period in Galicia, Spain.Endocervical scrapings of 745 women attending 7 Health Areas of the Galician Public Health Service were collected in the post-vaccination period, from 2014-2017.

Any impact of blips and low-level viraemia episodes among HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression on ART?

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of blips and risk of virological failure (VF) among HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression (HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL) on ART.

Methods: Newly diagnosed (2004-13) HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression on ART (minimum follow-up of 3 months) were identified. Risk of VF was evaluated according to different plasma HIV-RNA quantification values based on the limits of quantification/detection of current commercial assays (20 copies/mL).

Molecular characterization of HIV-1 infection in Northwest Spain (2009-2013): Investigation of the subtype F outbreak.

Background: HIV-1 subtype B is the predominant one in European regions several, while other subtypes and recombinants are also circulating with high prevalence. A sub-epidemic of subtype F with specific characteristics and low response to treatment has been recently identified in Galicia. In this study we investigated the characteristics of the HIV-1 subtype F sub-epidemic in A Coruña and Santiago de Compostela in Northwest Spain.

Seroprevalence of HCV and HIV infections by year of birth in Spain: impact of US CDC and USPSTF recommendations for HCV and HIV testing.

Background: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently add the advice of one-time testing of HCV infection in persons born during 1945-1965. Moreover, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) newly recommended one-time HIV testing for persons aged 15-65. Herein, we evaluate the potential impact of these recommendations in a reference medical area of Spain.

High prevalence of subtype F in newly diagnosed HIV-1 persons in northwest Spain and evidence for impaired treatment response.

HIV-1 non-B subtype variants were found in 37.8% of 296 newly diagnosed persons in northwest Spain over the past 5 years. Subtype F was the most prevalent non-B subtype (29.

Resistance to the most recent protease and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors across HIV-1 non-B subtypes.

Objectives: Limited data are available on resistance to etravirine, rilpivirine, darunavir and tipranavir in patients infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes, in which natural polymorphisms at certain positions could influence the barrier and/or pathways to drug resistance.

Methods: FASTA format sequences from the reverse transcriptase and protease genes recorded within the Spanish Drug Resistance database (ResRIS) were examined.

Results: From 8272 genotypes derived from 5930 different HIV-1 patients included in ResRIS, 5276 genotypes had complete treatment information.

Clinical, virological and biochemical evidence supporting the association of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism R284K and thymidine analogue resistance mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y in patients failing tenofovir/emtricitabine therapy.

Background: Thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) selected under treatment with nucleoside analogues generate two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT): (i) TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and (ii) TAM2: D67N, K70R and K219E/Q, and sometimes T215F. Secondary mutations, including thumb subdomain polymorphisms (e.g.

[Prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance among previously untreated Spanish patients infected with HIV].

Introduction: Genotypic resistance was tested to investigate changes in the rates of resistance to antiretroviral drugs in non-treated patients in Spain.

Material And Method: A total of 209 HIV-infected patients from different autonomous communities in Spain without prior antiretroviral (AR) drug treatment were studied from 1997 to 2001. Regions of the HIV pol gene coding for protease (PR) and retrotranscriptase (RT) were sequenced in plasma samples by RT PCR amplification and automated PCR sequencing.