Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and tropane alkaloids in milk samples from individual dairy farms of the German federal states of Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein.

1,2-Dehydro-pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), their corresponding -oxides (PANO) and tropane alkaloids (TA), are toxic plant metabolites. If plant material, containing these toxins, is present in the feed of dairy cows these toxins can be transferred into milk. Here, milk was sampled directly from dairy farms in the German federal states of Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein in 2020-2022 in order to investigate a possible contamination of milk at the production stage.

Short-term exposure of dairy cows to pyrrolizidine alkaloids from tansy ragwort ( Gaertn.): effects on health and performance.

The increasing spread of ragworts is observed with concern. Ragworts like tansy ragwort ( Gaertn.) or marsh ragwort () contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) which may induce hepatotoxic effects.

A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for isomer separation and quantitative determination of 51 pyrrolizidine alkaloids and two tropane alkaloids in cow's milk.

1,2-Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), their corresponding N-oxides (PANO), and tropane alkaloids (TA) are toxic secondary plant metabolites. Their possible transfer into the milk of dairy cows has been studied in feeding trials; however, only few data on the occurrence of these toxins in milk are available. In this study, the development of a sensitive analytical approach for the simultaneous detection and quantification of a broad range of 54 PA/PANO as well as of the TA atropine and scopolamine in milk of dairy cows is presented.

Basophil Activation to Gluten and Non-Gluten Proteins in Wheat-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis.

Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is a cofactor-induced wheat allergy. Gluten proteins, especially ω5-gliadins, are known as major allergens, but partially hydrolyzed wheat proteins (HWPs) also play a role. Our study investigated the link between the molecular composition of gluten or HWP and allergenicity.

The basophil activation test differentiates between patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis and control subjects using gluten and isolated gluten protein types.

Background: Oral food challenge using gluten and cofactors is the gold standard to diagnose wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), but this procedure puts patients at risk of an anaphylactic reaction. Specific IgE to ω5-gliadins as major allergens and skin prick tests to wheat may yield negative results. Thus, we designed a proof-of-principle study to investigate the utility of the basophil activation test (BAT) for WDEIA diagnosis.

Comparative Characterization of Gluten and Hydrolyzed Wheat Proteins.

Hydrolyzed wheat proteins (HWPs) are widely used as functional ingredients in foods and cosmetics, because of their emulsifying and foaming properties. However, in individuals suffering from celiac disease or wheat allergy, HWPs may have a modified immunoreactivity compared to native gluten due to changes in molecular structures. Although a variety of HWPs are commercially available, there are no in-depth comparative studies that characterize the relative molecular mass (M) distribution, solubility, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of HWPs compared to native gluten.