American Society for Pain Management Nursing Guidelines on Monitoring for Opioid-Induced Advancing Sedation and Respiratory Depression: Revisions.

Objectives: This report presents up-to-date evidence and expert consensus-based revisions to the ASPMN 2011 guidelines that inform interprofessional clinical decision-making for hospitalized adults receiving opioid analgesics.

Design: Systematic review of the literature.

Methods: A 14-member expert panel was charged with reviewing and grading the strength of scientific evidence published in peer reviewed journals and revising the ASPMN 2011 existing guidelines.

Modifiable pathways from pain to functional status: Confirmatory baseline results from a randomised trial of African American patients with cancer pain.

Objective: This study tested a model of cancer-related pain and functional status in African American patients, including beliefs about the ability to control pain as a key determinant of distress and functional status.

Methods: Baseline data from a randomised clinical trial consisting of clinical and patient-reported outcomes were used. Participants were 228 African American patients experiencing moderate to severe pain within the past 2 weeks.

Experiences of Urban African Americans with Cancer Pain.

The experience of cancer pain is poorly understood from the perspective of African Americans, who experience higher levels of pain, more pain-related distress, and poorer function than Caucasians. Decreased perceived control over pain may play a greater role for African American patients, affecting pain-related distress and function. The purpose of this study was to add to the understanding of cancer pain and perceived control over pain in African Americans, from the patients' perspective.

Neighborhood, Socioeconomic, and Racial Influence on Chronic Pain.

The purpose of this review is to highlight the neighborhood, socioeconomic, and racial influences on chronic pain. Negative influences on the experience of chronic pain are explored and defined as any adverse stressor common in low socioeconomic, urban neighborhoods that potentially contributes to health disparity in African Americans experiencing chronic pain. The multifactorial influences on chronic pain disparity in African Americans are explored and expounded upon in this review of existing evidence.