Chiral Transplacental Pharmacokinetics of Fexofenadine: Impact of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Fluoxetine Using the Human Placental Perfusion Model.

Purpose: Fexofenadine is a well-identified in vivo probe substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and/or organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). This work aimed to investigate the transplacental pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine enantiomers with and without the selective P-gp inhibitor fluoxetine.

Methods: The chiral transplacental pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine-fluoxetine interaction was determined using the ex vivo human placenta perfusion model (n = 4).

Rivaroxaban transfer across the dually perfused isolated human placental cotyledon.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate and extent of rivaroxaban transfer across the term human placenta and determine whether passive diffusion was the primary mechanism involved in this transfer.

Study Design: The transplacental pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban was determined with the ex-vivo placenta perfusion model. Rivaroxaban was added to the maternal or fetal circulation only (250 ng/mL).

Transfer of dabigatran and dabigatran etexilate mesylate across the dually perfused human placenta.

Objective: To assess the transplacental pharmacokinetics at term of the oral thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, and its prodrug, dabigatran etexilate mesylate, to estimate fetal drug exposure.

Methods: Placentae were obtained with informed consent after cesarean delivery of healthy term pregnancies in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The transplacental transfer of dabigatran and dabigatran etexilate mesylate was separately assessed using the ex vivo dual perfusion of an isolated human placental cotyledon.

The detection and quantification of ethyl glucuronide in placental tissue and placental perfusate by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Background: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is arising as a promising biomarker of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure, however its transfer across the human placenta is still unclear and is currently being investigated using the ex vivo placental perfusion model. This model allows for sampling from placental tissue and placental perfusate, which is a surrogate to plasma.

Objective: To develop a method for detecting and quantifying EtG in placental perfusate and tissue using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Asking the right questions to ascertain early childhood secondhand smoke exposures.

Secondhand smoke is associated with a myriad of adverse health outcomes. Therefore, it is essential for clinicians to ask precise questions about exposures, particularly for children. We present 4 questions that incorporate several locations of exposure and provide a more comprehensive account of children's smoke exposures than maternal smoking alone.

Insulin glargine safety in pregnancy: a transplacental transfer study.

Objective: Insulin glargine (Lantus) is an extended-action insulin analog with greater stability and duration of action than regular human insulin. The long duration of action and decreased incidence of hypoglycemia provide potential advantages for its use in pregnancy. However, the placental pharmacokinetics of insulin glargine have not been studied.