FRUITFULL Is a Repressor of Apical Hook Opening in .

Plants adjust their architecture to a constantly changing environment, requiring adaptation of differential growth. Despite their importance, molecular switches, which define growth transitions, are largely unknown. Apical hook development in dark grown () seedlings serves as a suitable model for differential growth transition in plants.

Arabidopsis shoot stem cells display dynamic transcription and DNA methylation patterns.

In plants, aerial organs originate continuously from stem cells in the center of the shoot apical meristem. Descendants of stem cells in the subepidermal layer are progenitors of germ cells, giving rise to male and female gametes. In these cells, mutations, including insertions of transposable elements or viruses, must be avoided to preserve genome integrity across generations.

PILS6 is a temperature-sensitive regulator of nuclear auxin input and organ growth in .

Temperature modulates growth and development throughout the entire lifecycle of a plant. High temperature (HT) triggers the auxin biosynthesis-dependent growth in aerial tissues. On the other hand, the contribution of auxin to HT-induced root growth is currently under debate.

Are natural scientists more masculine than humanists? The association patterns between 2D:4D ratio and field of study.

Natural sciences are still considered as typical male fields, while humanities are interpreted as typical female topics. Economic, social but also biological factors are discussed to influence the choice of study field. In the present study, the impact of prenatal sex hormone exposure - estimated by 2D:4D ratio - on the choice of study field was analyzed.

Auxin steers root cell expansion via apoplastic pH regulation in .

Plant cells are embedded within cell walls, which provide structural integrity, but also spatially constrain cells, and must therefore be modified to allow cellular expansion. The long-standing acid growth theory postulates that auxin triggers apoplast acidification, thereby activating cell wall-loosening enzymes that enable cell expansion in shoots. Interestingly, this model remains heavily debated in roots, because of both the complex role of auxin in plant development as well as technical limitations in investigating apoplastic pH at cellular resolution.