Radiation induced brainstem glioblastoma in a patient treated for glomus jugulare tumour.

The intensive utilisation of cranial irradiation in young individuals with benign intracranial pathologies are of particular concern because of the potential for delayed development of radiation-induced neoplasms. We present a 48-year-old man who developed a second metachronous brainstem glioblastoma 10 years following adjuvant radiotherapy for a partially resected glomus jugulare tumour. The current patient highlights the importance of judicious and individualised consideration for irradiation treatment in benign pathologies that are associated with long-term survival.

The anatomy of the cremaster muscle during inguinoscrotal testicular descent in the rat.

Background: Extrapolation of rat testicular descent studies to humans has been criticized because of anatomical differences of the cremaster muscle. Human cremaster is described as a thin strip rather than a large, complete sac as in rats, which is proposed to be more important in propelling the testis during descent. This study investigated cremaster muscle anatomy and ontogeny in both normal and cryptorchid rat models.

Cell membrane and mitotic markers show that the neonatal rat gubernaculum grows in a similar way to an embryonic limb bud.

Aim/background: How the gubernaculum guides the testis into the scrotum remains controversial, with various proposals from passive inversion to active growth. We aimed to determine if the gubernaculum contains an area of active proliferation, such as a "progress zone" in a growing embryonic limb bud, using a fluorescent cell membrane marker, 1,1'-didodecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate [DiIC12(3)], to trace cell migration, and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) (a thymidine analogue) as a mitotic marker.

Methods: Gubernacula were collected from neonatal male rats (n = 42, day 1-2, Sprague-Dawley) and cultured with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; 714 nmol/L).