Managing community engagement initiatives in health and social care: lessons learned from Italy and the United Kingdom.

Background: Determining the different features and potential impacts of community initiatives aimed at health-related outcomes poses challenges for both researchers and policy makers.

Purpose: This article explores the nature of heterogeneous "community engagement initiatives" (CEIs) considering both their social and organizational features in order to understand the managerial and policy implications to maximize their potential local health and social care-related impacts.

Methodology: A threefold qualitative analysis was conducted: (a) Three frameworks were developed to classify and analyze different CEIs features, building upon the current literature debate; (b) primary data were collected from Italian CEIs; and (c) a comparative cross-case analysis of a total of 79 CEIs in Italy and the United Kingdom was implemented.

Therapeutic innovation in high-prevalence chronic diseases: Challenges and opportunities for specialist care models.

Therapeutic innovation is expected to change if not disrupt present care models for several chronic diseases in the coming years, as suggested by recent clinical trials. New drugs that anticipate and possibly delay the full expression of a disease will likely face some common challenges, such as the need of designing and implementing large scale interventions; the necessary engagement of multiple specialties for both diagnosis and treatment; the shift from specialist to non-specialist interventions and secondary prevention. Building on the case of HCV and other innovation in hepatology, we discuss common challenges caused by disruptive change that other chronic conditions faced in the past.

Managing Chronic Conditions: Lessons Learnt from a Comparative Analysis of Seven Years' Policies for Chronic Care Patients in Italy.

Unlabelled: This policy paper aims to compare what policies are developed in Italy for the management of chronic patients in order to improve population health, quality of care and patient experience and reduce per-capita cost. The paper also aims to identify the key trends and evolutionary trajectories across the Country.

Methodology: The analysis focuses on 10 Italian Regions and the time span of observation is 7 years (from 2014 to 2020).