Acceptable number of cholangioscopy-guided biopsies for diagnosing perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Introduction: Diagnosing perihilar cholangiocarcinoma can be challenging. Previous studies suggest that the sensitivity of taking three cholangioscopy-guided biopsies is approximately 70%. We hypothesized that obtaining four or more biopsies might improve the sensitivity for diagnosing perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

EUS-guided tissue acquisition in patients with solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas.

Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) has been the most common method used for the preoperative cytopathological diagnosis of solid tumors of the pancreas. There are only a few reported cases about the role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) in the pre-operative diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of EUS-TA,including endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) andEUS-FNB, in patients with SPN.

Pathology results of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition in retroperitoneal masses: a multicenter study.

Background: Malignant etiologies are found in 70-80% of symptomatic retroperitoneal masses. Histology is required for diagnosis and treatment. Information about endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-GTA) is scant for retroperitoneal masses.

Comparing perspectives: frontal and oblique endoscopic ultrasound.

The oblique-view echoendoscope is currently the sole tool for ultrasound-guided endoscopic procedures (EUS) in most hospital centers, despite its limitations like a lack of forward vision, issues with needle angle, and restricted accessory device size due to channel angulation. However, our study revealed no significant differences between the oblique and frontal endoscopes, except for minor variations in specific regions. For routine diagnostic studies, interchangeability between the devices is feasible.

Efficacy and safety of self-expanding metal stents in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer: a real-life study.

Background: Dysphagia is the most frequent symptom in patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are the current palliative treatment of choice for dysphagia in patients with non-curable esophageal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of different types of SEMS for palliation of dysphagia.

Mortality in patients with unresectable gastric cancer complicated with tumor bleeding.

Background: gastric cancer (GC) is a gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasia which often complicates with GI bleeding. It is uncertain if bleeding worsens mortality in this group of patients.

Aims: to compare 30- and 90-day mortality in patients with unresectable GC (uGC) and tumor bleeding versus patients with the same neoplasia without bleeding.

Modification of the endoscopic hemostatic powder application technique.

Video 1Modification of the endoscopic hemostatic powder application technique.

Comparison between Two Types of 22-Gauge Fine-Needle Biopsy for Solid Pancreatic Tumors.

Background: Tissue sampling using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is the gold standard for diagnosing malignant pancreatic tumors; however, its sensitivity and specificity are highly variable. Thus, fine-needle biopsy using cutting needles has been developed to overcome current limitations and improve diagnostic yield. Our study compared two fine-needle biopsy needles for tissue sampling for pancreatic solid lesions.

CD24+CD44+CD54+EpCAM+ gastric cancer stem cells predict tumor progression and metastasis: clinical and experimental evidence.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Specific and thorough identification of cancer cell subsets with higher tumorigenicity and chemoresistance, such as cancer stem cells (CSCs), could lead to the development of new and promising therapeutic targets. For better CSC identification, a complete or extended surface marker phenotype is needed to provide increased specificity for new cell targeting approaches.

Risk factors associated to argon plasma coagulation treatment failure in patients with chronic radiation proctopathy.

Background: argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the current endoscopic treatment of choice for patients who develop chronic radiation proctopathy. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with treatment failure.

Methods: one hundred and ninety-nine patients treated with argon plasma coagulation in a single center were retrospectively analyzed.

Somatic Mutational Landscape in Mexican Patients: Mutations and chr20q13.33 Amplifications Are Associated with Diffuse-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

The Hispanic population, compared with other ethnic groups, presents a more aggressive gastric cancer phenotype with higher frequency of diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma (GA); this could be related to the mutational landscape of GA in these patients. Using whole-exome sequencing, we sought to present the mutational landscape of GA from 50 Mexican patients who were treated at The Instituto Nacional de Cancerología from 2019 to 2020. We performed a comprehensive statistical analysis to explore the relationship of the genomic variants and clinical data such as tumor histology and presence of signet-ring cell, , and EBV.

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Efficacy of cap-assisted forward-viewing endoscopy as a method for the evaluation of the ampulla of Vater.

Introduction: endoscopic evaluation of the ampulla of Vater (AV), although routinely recommended, is not always possible due to its anatomic configuration, which can hide it from the visual field of the forward-viewing endoscope. Cap-assisted forward-viewing endoscopy has been proposed as a useful alternative to facilitate the examination of this structure.

Objectives: to assess the efficacy of cap-assisted forward-viewing endoscopy for the complete evaluation of the AV.

Mutational landscape of gastric adenocarcinoma in Latin America: A genetic approach for precision medicine.

Latin-America (LATAM) is the second region in gastric cancer incidence; gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) represents 95% of all cases. We provide a mutational landscape of GA highlighting a) germline pathogenic variants associated with hereditary GA, b) germline risk variants associated with sporadic GA, and c) somatic variants present in sporadic GA in LATAM, and analyze how this landscape can be applied for precision medicine. We found that Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela are the countries with more published studies from LATAM explicitly related to GA.

Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation in patients with unresectable malignant biliary strictures.

Introduction: previous studies have shown that endoscopic radiofrequency ablation in unresectable biliary duct tumors prolongs survival.

Methods: this was an observational study of patients with an unresectable malignant stricture. The aim was to evaluate survival, stent patency and adverse events of radiofrequency compared with a matched control group.

Development of Barrett's esophagus after a total gastrectomy.

Bile reflux is a complication that could develop in patients with total gastrectomy. The role of biliary reflux in Barrett's esophagus after a total gastrectomy continues to be controversial. Therefore, we report a series of three cases that describe the development of BE after total gastrectomy and provides additional support on the role that bile reflux plays in patients with BE.

Fecal Immunologic Test Results and Diagnostic Colonoscopy in a Mexican Population at Average Risk for Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer is preventable and treatable by screening and early detection. Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) for average risk individuals is an effective strategy for screening. Incidence and mortality in Mexico is increasing and large-scale screening programs do not yet exist.

Primary gastric choriocarcinoma.

Choriocarcinomas are epitelial tumors with a rapidly growing rate and widely metastatic tumor of trophoblastic cells. Incidence have been reported 1 in 24,096 pregnant patients. Most cases arise in the uterus following gestational events.

A snapshot of current genetic testing practice in Lynch syndrome: The results of a representative survey of 33 Latin American existing centres/registries.

We aimed to assess the current genetics practice to manage patients with Lynch syndrome (LS) across Latin America. A Latin American LS survey was sent out to 52 centres/registries, comprising a total of 12 countries from the region. Overall, 33 centres completed the survey, of which the oldest LS registry was established in 1992 in Sao Paulo (Brazil), and the youngest this year in San Jose (Costa Rica).

Treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding with hemostatic powder (TC-325): a multicenter study.

Introduction: Hemostatic powder (TC-325) is a new tool for treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding that allows the treatment of large surfaces with active bleeding. The aim was to describe the initial success of TC-325 for the control of GI bleeding.

Materials And Methods: We did a multicenter cohort study with patients admitted to the endoscopy service for GI bleeding.

Comparison of covered and uncovered self-expandable stents in the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction.

Background And Objective: Drainage with metallic stents is the treatment of choice in malignant obstructive jaundice. Technical and clinical success with metallic stents is obtained in over 90% and 80% of cases, respectively. There are self-expandable metallic stents designed to increase permeability.

Self-expanding metal stents versus antrectomy for the palliative treatment of obstructive adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum.

Background: gastric cancer patients are first diagnosed with an unresectable tumor in up to 40% of cases. Gastric outlet obstruction causes nausea, vomiting, dehydration and malnutrition. The aim of the study was to compare self-expanding metal stents to antrectomy and Roux-en Y gastrojejunostomy for palliation of obstructive adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum.

Argon plasma coagulation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in chronic radiation proctopathy, effectiveness and impact on tissue toxicity.

Background: chronic radiation proctopathy (CRP) is associated with recurrent rectal bleeding and transfusional requirements. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) have been shown to be effective in the control of CRP. No prospective comparisons have been reported between these treatments.

Loss of expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins in aberrant crypt foci identified in vivo by magnifying colonoscopy in subjects with hereditary nonpolyposic and sporadic colon rectal cancer.

Purpose: The aims of this study are to characterize the frequency, density, and distribution of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and its histological features and to determine the frequency of loss of expression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins of subjects with hereditary nonpolyposic colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and sporadic colon rectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Patients with HNPCC, first-degree relatives of subjects with HNPCC, sporadic CRC, and average risk subjects of sporadic CRC were included prospectively. Total colonoscopy with chromoendoscopy using methylene blue 0.