Multi-Layer PVA-PANI Conductive Hydrogel for Symmetrical Supercapacitors: Preparation and Characterization.

This work describes a simple, inexpensive, and robust method to prepare a flexible "all in one" integrated hydrogel supercapacitors (HySCs). Preparing smart hydrogels with high electrical conductivity, ability to stretch significantly, and excellent mechanical properties is the last challenge for tailored wearable devices. In this paper, we employed a physical crosslinking process that involves consecutive freezing and thawing cycles to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogel.

Preparation and Characterization of Self-Healing PVA-HSO Hydrogel for Flexible Energy Storage.

In the past decade, hydrogels have attracted growing interest for emerging applications in flexible electronic devices, human-machine interactions, energy supply, or energy storage. Developing a multifunctional gel architecture with superior ionic conductivity and good mechanical flexibility is a bottleneck to overcome. Herein, poly(vinyl alcohol)/sulfuric acid (PVA-HSO) hydrogels were prepared via a freeze-thaw method.