Serosurvey of bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens among deployed U.S. service members.

Background: Respiratory illnesses can cause substantial morbidity during military deployments. Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are hypothesized causes.

Purpose: To determine pathogen-specific seroprevalence prior to and after deployment in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF).

Vaccination and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in active component U.S. Military, 2002-2008.

Aims/hypothesis: To evaluate whether vaccination increases the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in active component U.S. military personnel.

Department of Defense influenza and other respiratory disease surveillance during the 2009 pandemic.

The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) supports and oversees surveillance for emerging infectious diseases, including respiratory diseases, of importance to the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).

Maternal influenza vaccination and effect on influenza virus infection in young infants.

Objective: To assess the effect of seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy on laboratory-confirmed influenza in infants to 6 months of age.

Design: Nonrandomized, prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting: Navajo and White Mountain Apache Indian reservations, including 6 hospitals on the Navajo reservation and 1 on the White Mountain Apache reservation.

Active tuberculosis and recent overseas deployment in the U.S. military.

Background: The risk of active TB resulting from military deployment to endemic areas is unknown. It has typically been assumed that the risk of TB approximates the risk among local nationals in that country.

Purpose: This nested case-control study assesses the putative association of overseas deployment with active tuberculosis among active-component U.

Seasonal influenza vaccine and protection against pandemic (H1N1) 2009-associated illness among US military personnel.

Introduction: A novel A/H1N1 virus is the cause of the present influenza pandemic; vaccination is a key countermeasure, however, few data assessing prior seasonal vaccine effectiveness (VE) against the pandemic strain of H1N1 (pH1N1) virus are available.

Materials And Methods: Surveillance of influenza-related medical encounter data of active duty military service members stationed in the United States during the period of April-October 2009 with comparison of pH1N1-confirmed cases and location and date-matched controls. Crude odds ratios (OR) and VE estimates for immunized versus non-immunized were calculated as well as adjusted OR (AOR) controlling for sex, age group, and history of prior influenza vaccination.

Influenza and respiratory disease surveillance: the US military's global laboratory-based network.

The US Department of Defense influenza surveillance system now spans nearly 500 sites in 75 countries, including active duty US military and dependent populations as well as host-country civilian and military personnel. This system represents a major part of the US Government's contributions to the World Health Organization's Global Influenza Surveillance Network and addresses Presidential Directive NSTC-7 to expand global surveillance, training, research and response to emerging infectious disease threats. Since 2006, the system has expanded significantly in response to rising pandemic influenza concerns.

Comparison of the trivalent live attenuated vs. inactivated influenza vaccines among U.S. military service members.

Limited effectiveness data are available comparing live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) to inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) among adults. To compare the incidence of influenza-like illness following immunization of adults with LAIV vs. TIV, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of active component U.

Incidence of mumps and immunity to measles, mumps and rubella among US military recruits, 2000-2004.

Recent mumps outbreaks have evoked concerns of decreasing mumps immunity among adolescents and adults, including US military recruits subject to differing mumps immunization policies. To compare mumps incidence and to assess initial measles, mumps and rubella seropositivity, we conducted a cohort study among recruits from 2000 to 2004. Mumps incidence in the targeted MMR and universal MMR cohorts was 4.