An In Vitro Model to Evaluate the Accuracy of Guided Implant Placement Based on the Surgeon's Experience.

Purpose: To evaluate whether there are differences in the accuracy of guided implant placement based on the surgeon's experience level.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen surgeons, divided into three groups based on experience level (group I, expert; group II, intermediate; group III, novice), placed six implants in five identical mandibles (75 mandibles and 450 implants). A planning and stereolithographic guide was generated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and implant planning software (Nemoscan, Nemotec) and was used in all cases.

Coincidence of tuberous sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus-a case report.

Tuberous sclerosis, also called Bourneville Pringle disease, is a phakomatosis with potential dermal, nerve, kidney and lung damage. It is characterized by the development of benign proliferations in many organs, which result in different clinical manifestations. It is associated with the mutation of two genes: TSC1 (hamartin) and TSC2 (tuberin), with the change in the functionality of the complex target of rapamycin (mTOR).

Anatomy of the brainstem: a gaze into the stem of life.

The brainstem has an ectodermal origin and is composed of 4 parts: the diencephalon, mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata. It serves as the connection between the cerebral hemispheres with the medulla and the cerebellum and is responsible for basic vital functions, such as breathing, heartbeat blood pressure, control of consciousness, and sleep. The brainstem contains both white and gray matter.

Hippocampal sclerosis: histopathology substrate and magnetic resonance imaging.

The term hippocampal sclerosis was originally used to describe a shrunken and hardened hippocampus, which histologically displayed neuronal loss and glial proliferation. These alterations are mainly located in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cell layers but all hippocampal regions may show neuronal cell loss to varying degrees. A number of morphologic and cytochemical findings are associated with mesial temporal sclerosis, especially within the dentate gyrus.

Macroanatomy and microanatomy of the temporal lobe.

Because of its different functions and organization, the temporal lobe may be divided into lateral and medial parts. This separation may be useful for teaching purposes, since the medial temporal lobe needs a separated and a more precise study because of its complex structure and because it is the substrate where some specific types of epilepsy originate. The use of certain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and protocols has improved the diagnosis of some particular epilepsies, but this technical benefit must be accompanied by the accurate knowledge of the anatomy of the temporal lobe.