Synthesis of fluoro- and seleno-containing D-lactose and D-galactose analogues.

Synthetic deoxy-fluoro-carbohydrate derivatives and seleno-sugars are useful tools in protein-carbohydrate interaction studies using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy because of the presence of the F and Se reporter nuclei. Seven saccharides containing both these atoms have been synthesized, three monosaccharides, methyl 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-1-seleno-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) and methyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-seleno-α/β-D-galactopyranoside (2α and 2β), and four disaccharides, methyl 4--(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-seleno-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), methyl 4-Se-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-4-seleno-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), and methyl 4-Se-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α/β-D-galactopyranosyl)-4-seleno-β-D-glucopyranoside (5α and 5β), the three latter compounds with an interglycosidic selenium atom. Selenoglycosides 1 and 3 were obtained from the corresponding bromo sugar by treatment with dimethyl selenide and a reducing agent, while compounds 2α/2β, 4, and 5α/5β were synthesized by the coupling of a D-galactosyl selenolate, obtained from the corresponding isoselenouronium salt, with either methyl iodide or a 4--trifluoromethanesulfonyl D-galactosyl moiety.

Synthesis of a library of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-derivatives of the trimannoside methyl α-D-Man-(1 → 3)-[α-D-Man-(1 → 6)]-α-D-Man and the dimannosides methyl α-D-Man-(1 → 3)-α-D-Man and methyl α-D-Man-(1 → 6)-α-D-Man.

A library of sixteen compounds, 1-16, comprising all (mono-, di-, and tri-) 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-derivatives of the N-glycan core trimannoside α-D-Man-(1 → 3)-[α-D-Man-(1 → 6)]-D-Man, including the corresponding 2-fluoro-2-deoxy disaccharide part structures and the non-fluorinated parent compounds, have been synthesized as their α-methyl glycosides for use as tools in F NMR-based lectin-carbohydrate interaction studies. Two methyl 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-mannoside acceptors, 21 (3-OH) and 22 (6-OH), were constructed and used in combination with the corresponding non-fluorinated mannose acceptors, 24 (6-OH) and 25 (3-OH), the 2-fluoro-2-deoxy mannosyl bromide donor 18 and the non-fluorinated bromide donor 23 to efficiently afford the target di-and trisaccharides (disaccharides, 2-3 steps, 47-66% overall yield; trisaccharides, 4 steps, 25-40% overall yield).

Fluorinated Carbohydrates as Lectin Ligands: Synthesis of OH/F-Substituted N-Glycan Core Trimannoside and Epitope Mapping by 2D STD-TOCSYreF NMR spectroscopy.

Glycan-protein interactions play an important role in a broad range of physiological processes, raising interest to elucidate the structural interplay. Yet, their dynamic nature limits the analysis by crystallography, whereas NMR spectroscopy suffers from the low H dispersion of glycans. Therefore, their sparse fluorination and NMR screening by 1D Saturation Transfer Difference with relay to F (STDreF) was previously proposed to exploit the superior dispersion in F NMR spectroscopy.

Fluorinated carbohydrates as lectin ligands: dissecting glycan-cyanovirin interactions by using 19F NMR spectroscopy.

NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) are powerful methods to investigate ligand-protein interactions. Here, we present a versatile and sensitive fluorine NMR spectroscopic approach that exploits the (19)F nucleus of (19)F-labeled carbohydrates as a sensor to study glycan binding to lectins. Our approach is illustrated with the 11 kDa Cyanovirin-N, a mannose binding anti-HIV lectin.

Cyclic glycopeptidomimetics through a versatile sugar-based scaffold.

Cyclic peptidomimetics are attracting structures to obtain a distinct, bioactive conformation. Even more attractive are sugar-containing cyclic peptidomimetics which present turn structures induced by the pyranose ring when incorporated in cyclic peptides. The use of a new and versatile saccharidic scaffold to achieve sugar-based peptidomimetics is here reported together with the successful synthesis of diastereomerically pure cyclic SAA peptidomimetics 15 and 16.