American Academy of Audiology Position Statement on Early Identification of Cytomegalovirus in Newborns.

The American Academy of Audiology recommends early identification of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) through screening to allow for appropriate early diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring for congenital, progressive, and delayed-onset hearing loss in infants with cCMV.Early identification of cCMV is a valuable component in the diagnostic evaluation of infants with sensorineural hearing loss. The Academy recognizes the important role audiologists serve as clinical care providers and educators and advocates for early identification and audiological management of infants with cCMV.

Ototoxicity in cystic fibrosis patients receiving intravenous tobramycin for acute pulmonary exacerbation: Ototoxicity following tobramycin treatment.

Aminoglycosides are commonly used to treat infections in CF patients and are highly ototoxic. The incidence of tobramycin-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo or dizziness (ototoxicity) varies widely from 0 to 56% secondary to variation in patient enrollment, dosing, audiometry, and ototoxic criteria. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of ototoxicity after one course of once-daily IV tobramycin in CF patients.

Blood genome expression profiles in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Congenital CMV infection (cCMVi) affects 0.5-1% of all live births worldwide, making it the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in childhood. The majority of infants with cCMVi have normal hearing at birth, but are at risk of developing late-onset SNHL.

Should hearing targeted screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection Be implemented?

Since 2013, after Utah became the first state to implement hearing targeted early CMV screening, a national debate has been percolating about whether this approach should be introduced nationally. Currently Utah, Iowa, Connecticut, and New York have passed legislation mandating early CMV screening, and over 100 birth hospitals across the United States have voluntarily implemented early CMV screening programs as part of their standard of care. We reviewed the evidence related to this approach and used the Wilson and Jungner (1968) criteria to evaluate this method of screening.

Evaluation of clinically asymptomatic high risk infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Objective: To determine the frequency of abnormal findings on evaluation of neonates with congenital CMV infection who have a normal physical examination STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, 2-center study (1996-2017) that reviewed results of complete blood cell count and platelets, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin concentrations, eye examination, cranial ultrasonography or other neuroimaging, and brainstem evoked responses performed on neonates with congenital CMV infection and a normal physical examination RESULTS: Of 34 infants with congenital CMV infection and a normal physical examination, 56% (19/34) had ≥1 abnormality: 39%, elevated ALT concentration; 45%, abnormal neuroimaging (five, lenticulostriate vasculopathy; six, intraventricular hemorrhage; four, calcifications); 12%, anemia; 16%, thrombocytopenia; and 3%, chorioretinitis. Seven (21%) infants had sensorineural hearing loss, and 18 infants received antiviral therapy.

Conclusion: Some infants with congenital CMV infection and a normal physical examination had abnormalities on laboratory or neuroimaging evaluation, which in some cases prompted antiviral treatment.

Evaluation of the Ototoxicity Potential of Once-Daily, Single-Entity Hydrocodone in Patients with Chronic Pain: Results of Two Phase-3 Clinical Studies.

Background: Use/misuse of the opioid combination hydrocodone-acetaminophen has been associated with permanent hearing loss. Although reports have been rare, this potential effect can have significant detrimental effect on patients' overall quality of life. To date, the ototoxic effect of hydrocodone alone has not been systematically investigated.

A Targeted Approach for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening Within Newborn Hearing Screening.

Background And Objective: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection remains a leading cause of childhood hearing loss. Currently universal CMV screening at birth does not exist in the United States. An alternative approach could be testing infants who do not pass their newborn hearing screening (NHS) for cCMV.

Hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction among children with cancer after receiving aminoglycosides.

Background: Children undergoing cancer therapy often receive aminoglycosides to treat febrile neutropenia or gram-negative infections. The magnitude of the risk of developing aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity and the dose threshold at which that risk significantly increases are unknown.

Procedure: Eligible cancer patients received the aminoglycoside amikacin at Children's Medical Center between 2004 and 2007.

A pilot study of rituximab in immune-mediated inner ear disease.

Immune-mediated inner ear disease (IMED) is a cause of rapidly progressive auditory dysfunction. Patients are often responsive to high-dose corticosteroids and the disease is believed to be mediated by an antibody to inner ear proteins. To date, no therapies have proven effective as corticosteroid-sparing agents.

Newborn hearing screening and detection of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Objectives: The objectives were to determine the frequency of congenital cytomegalovirus infection among newborns who did not pass hearing screening tests or had confirmed hearing loss and to determine how often abnormal hearing screening results were the only manifestation of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed for newborns who had abnormal hearing screening results and positive urine cytomegalovirus culture results at Parkland Memorial Hospital between September 1, 1999, and August 31, 2004.

Results: During the 5-year study period, 572 of 79047 newborns (7 of 1000 live births) did not pass hearing screening tests.

Reliability of a rating scale used to distinguish direction of eye movement using infrared/video ENG recordings during repositioning maneuvers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the nystagmus rating scale (NRS) and to assess inter- and intra-rater reliability of audiologists and experts using the scale. Face and content validity was established by eliciting feedback from two neurotologists and one neurologist. A training tape was developed to describe the rating scale and provide practice with patterns of nystagmus in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Etanercept treatment for autoimmune inner ear disease: results of a pilot placebo-controlled study.

Purpose: Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED) is an idiopathic progressive, often bilateral, sensironeural hearing loss that occurs over weeks to months, generally resulting in significant auditory disability. Response to treatment with immunomodulators other than corticosteroids has been poor. Data from a guinea pig model of AIED and a recent open label trial of etanercept suggested potential treatment benefit.

The Parkland Memorial Hospital experience in ensuring compliance with Universal Newborn Hearing Screening follow-up.

Objective: Reduce false-positive results and loss to follow-up through systematic modifications in Universal Newborn Hearing Screening at a large public hospital.

Study Design: During a pilot program, neonates who failed technician-performed automated auditory brain stem response were scheduled for diagnostic evaluation. In year 1, audiologists rescreened neonates who failed, and those who did not pass were screened as outpatients.

Electrocochleography and intranasal allergen challenge as investigational tools in patients with inhalant allergy and Ménière's disease.

Objectives: To expand on a prior study investigating the relation between inhalant allergy and Ménière's disease using electrocochleography and to present data from five patients heretofore unmentioned in previous reports.

Study Design: Prospective study of five patients identified with Ménière's disease and inhalant allergy in the practices of two faculty otolaryngologists.

Methods: Patients were tested twice using electrocochleography: once as a baseline and again 20 minutes following intranasal challenge with the allergen to which they were most sensitive.