Sixty years of conjecture over a urinary biomarker: a step closer to understanding the proposed link between anxiety and urinary pyrroles.

Objective: For over 60 years there has been conjecture about the identity of an Ehrlich's test positive pyrrole (Mauve Factor) reputed to be a biomarker for psychological disorders, including anxiety. We reviewed studies that attempt to identify Mauve Factor and subjected authentic standards of the 2 main candidates, kryptopyrrole and hydroxypyrrole, to the Ehrlich's reaction.

Methods: Modified Ehrlich's test for kryptopyrrole and hydroxypyrrole were applied to urine samples from 10 volunteers, anxious and nonanxious.

Protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of a vitamin-mineral formula targeting dysregulated emotions in teenagers: The balancing emotions of adolescents with micronutrients (BEAM) study.

Background: Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a significant contributing factor to psychological distress in young people. ED is a transdiagnostic dimension characterized by an excessive reactivity to negative emotional stimuli with affective (anger) and behavioral (aggression) components, and is present across anxiety, mood and behavioral disorders. Due to early onset, high prevalence and persistence, ED in childhood is one of the most psychosocially impairing and cost-intensive mental health conditions, with not enough children improving with conventional treatments.

Progress in the tissue engineering and stem cell industry "are we there yet?".

This report presents a detailed update to our 2008 publication on the tissue engineering (TE) and stem cell industry. Data are reported through mid 2011 showing an almost three-fold growth in commercial sales over the past 4 years. In addition, the number of companies selling products or offering services has increased over two-fold to 106, and they are generating a remarkable $3.

An ethical evaluation of the 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recommendations for HIV testing in health care settings.

When in 2006 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued revised recommendations for HIV testing in health care settings, vocal opponents charged that use of an "opt-out" approach to presenting HIV testing to patients; the implementation of nontargeted, widespread HIV screening; the elimination of a separate signed consent; and the decoupling of required HIV prevention counseling from HIV testing are unethical. Here we undertake the first systematic ethical examination of the arguments both for and against the recommendations. Our examination reveals that the ethical concerns raised by the critics predominantly pertain not to ethically suspect elements of the recommendations themselves, but to suspicions that they will be implemented improperly.