Coinfection of Leprosy and Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis in a Family with STAT1 Gain-of-Function Mutation.

This report documents the first known cases of lepromatous leprosy in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) linked to a gain-of-function mutation in the STAT1 gene. Two related patients, a mother and daughter, who both suffer from CMC and lepromatous leprosy, carry a heterozygous STAT1 mutation (c.821G>A; p.

Spatial and temporal analysis of breast cancer mortality in a state in northeastern Brazil.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm, and its global burden has become one of the most important factors jeopardizing the health of the world population, especially women. The aim of this study was to analyze mortality trends and the spatial distribution of BC in women in the capital and state of Sergipe, aiming to contribute to the implementation and improvement of strategies for the prevention and health promotion of women with BC. Trends were calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program 5.

Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis: a high heterogeneity of symptoms and genotypes in a Brazil population.

Introduction: In highly multiracial populations with inadequate newborn screening, knowledge of the various phenotypic presentations of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) can help reach an early diagnosis. This study aims to describe phenotypes and genotypes at the time of CF diagnosis in a state in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Demographic, socioeconomic, and health structure factors associated with the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Brazil: A nationwide ecological study.

To assess the cumulative rate of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) users in Brazil since its 2018 implementation and to analyze the association between PrEP usage and state-level structural factors. A nationwide ecological study from 2018 to 2022 was conducted, examining the 5-year cumulative rate of PrEP users in relation to demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare infrastructure variables. Multiple linear regression analysis identified significant predictors of PrEP utilization.

CD4 Th1 and Th17 responses and multifunctional CD8 T lymphocytes associated with cure or disease worsening in human visceral leishmaniasis.

Introduction: In VL, a proinflammatory phenotype is typically associated with enhanced phagocytosis and a Th1 mediated immune response resulting in infection control. In contrast, an anti-inflammatory phenotype, associated with a predominant regulatory response, typically enables intracellular multiplication of parasites and disease progression.

Methods: To investigate the impact of chemotherapy on Th2 and Th17 immune responses in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we assessed all combinations of intracellular expression of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17 in the CD4 and CD8 T cell populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from patients, after antigenic stimulation with lysate, throughout treatment and follow-up.

Analysis of the development of children discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from parents' point of view.

Objectives: to analyze the development of children discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and how hospitalization interferes with child development, from parents' point of view.

Methods: a descriptive-exploratory, documentary and qualitative study, carried out with parents of children discharged from the Intensive Care Unit through a telephone survey and supplementation in medical records. Data were analyzed using Bardin's tool and discussed according to scientific evidence.

Assessment of Cross-Reactivity of Chimeric Antigens with sp. LVH-60A: Implications for Accurate Diagnostics.

This study focuses on developing accurate immunoassays for diagnosing Chagas disease (CD), a challenging task due to antigenic similarities between and other parasites, leading to cross-reactivity. To address this challenge, chimeric recombinant antigens (IBMP-8.1, IBMP-8.

COVID-19 recurrence is related to disease-early profile T cells while detection of anti-S1 IgG is related to multifunctional T cells.

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and leads from asymptomatic to severe outcomes. The recurrence of the COVID-19 has been described, however, mechanisms involved remains unclear. Thus, the work aimed to investigate the role of multifunctional T cells in patients with recurrent COVID-19.

Association between genetic variants in TREM1, CXCL10, IL4, CXCL8 and TLR7 genes with the occurrence of congenital Zika syndrome and severe microcephaly.

Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a cluster of malformations induced by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and the underline mechanisms involved in its occurrence are yet not fully understood. Along with epidemiological and environmental factors, the genetic host factors are suggested as important to the CZS occurrence and development, however, few studies have evaluated this. This study enrolled a total of 245 individuals in a case-control association study compound a cohort of high specific interest constituted by 75 mothers who had delivered CZS infants, their 76 infants, and 47 mothers that had delivered healthy infants, and their 47 infants.

Use of N-acetylcysteine as treatment adjuvant regulates immune response in visceral leishmaniasis: Pilot clinical trial and experiments.

This investigation aimed to assess the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an adjuvant treatment to alleviate visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The present work includes both blinded randomized clinical intervention and experimental studies. The clinical trial included 60 patients with VL randomly allocated into two groups: a test group (n = 30) treated with meglumine antimoniate plus NAC (SbV + NAC) and a control group (n = 30) treated with meglumine antimoniate only (SbV).

Healthcare for children with congenital Zika syndrome: analysis of access to social rights.

Unlabelled: The objective of this study was to describe if the victims of the Zika have access to essential public policies to guarantee social rights.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional study of a historical cohort of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in a reference hospital. CZS diagnosis was based on the Ministry of Health protocol.

TREM-1 Expression on the Surface of Neutrophils in Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Associated With Immunopathogenesis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic chronic and potentially fatal disease for humans. Mechanisms related to the dysregulation of the inflammatory response may be involved in both the pathogenesis and prognosis of VL. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (TREM-1) is a receptor constitutively expressed on neutrophils and monocyte subsets.

Insight Into the Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA Coexpression Profile in the Human Blood Transcriptome Upon Infection.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne infectious disease that can be potentially fatal if left untreated. In Brazil, it is caused by parasites. Blood transcriptomics allows us to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunopathological processes of several clinical conditions, namely, parasitic diseases.

Association of IL-9, IL-10, and IL-17 Cytokines With Hepatic Fibrosis in Human Infection.

This is a case series study to evaluate immunological markers associated with schistosomiasis advanced fibrosis, including 69 patients from an endemic area from the State of Sergipe and from the Hepatology Service of the University Hospital in Sergipe, Brazil. Hepatic fibrosis was classified based on Niamey protocol for ultrasonography (US). Immune response to antigens was evaluated by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these patients with either adult worm (SWAP-10 μg/ml) or egg (SEA-10 μg/ml) antigens or purified protein derivative of turberculin (PPD-10 μg/ml) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA-1 μg/ml) for 72 h.

Trypanosoma cruzi vectors and reservoirs in Southern Sergipe.

Introduction: Chagas disease is a health problem that affects approximately 7 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. Vector transmission is one of the most important routes in South and Central American countries. Between 2013 and 2019, municipalities of Sergipe sent 507 triatomines for analysis, unveiling the largest records found in the south in the villages of Poço da Clara, Alagoinhas and Pilões, and the municipality of Tobias Barreto.

Trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality to monitor control policies in a northeastern Brazilian state.

Prostate cancer differently affects different regions of the world, displaying higher rates in more developed areas. After the implementation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, several studies described rising rates globally, but it is possible that indolent lesions are being detected given the lack of changes in mortality data. The Brazilian government recommends against PSA screening in the male population regardless of age, but the Urology Society issued a report recommending that screening should start at 50 years old for certain men and for those aged ≥75 years with a life expectancy exceeding 10 years.

Trends in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in a brazilian city.

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil, between 1996 and 2015 with Joinpoint Regression Program 4.7.0.

Trends in cervical cancer and its precursor forms to evaluate screening policies in a mid-sized Northeastern Brazilian city.

Cervical cancer is a health issue that disproportionately affects developing countries, where the Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) remains an important screening tool. Brazilian government recommendations have focused screening on the female population aged from 25 to 64 years old. In this study, we examined the incidence and mortality rates of invasive cervical cancer lesions and the incidence rates of in situ precancerous cervical lesions, aiming to calculate their respective statistics over time in a mid-sized Brazilian city, Aracaju.

Ocular Findings in Infants with Microcephaly Caused by Presumed Congenital Infection by Zika Virus in Sergipe.

This study aims at identifying ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed intrauterine infection by ZIKV. A cross-sectional study included 62 outpatient infants with congenital microcephaly, presumably secondary to maternal ZIKV infection. The included infants had head circumference below -2 standard deviations, with negative maternal serology for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, and HIV.

Time trends and social security burden of temporary work disability due to chronic venous disease in Brazil.

Background: Chronic venous disease (CVD) and disability are worldwide problems and have significant socioeconomic implications. This study aims to analyze the time trends and social security burden of temporary work disability due to CVD in Brazil.

Methods: An ecological time series study using the Brazilian Social Security System database was performed from 2005 to 2014.

Non-Leishmania Parasite in Fatal Visceral Leishmaniasis-Like Disease, Brazil.

Through whole-genome sequencing analysis, we identified non-Leishmania parasites isolated from a man with a fatal visceral leishmaniasis-like illness in Brazil. The parasites infected mice and reproduced the patient's clinical manifestations. Molecular epidemiologic studies are needed to ascertain whether a new infectious disease is emerging that can be confused with leishmaniasis.

Assessing trends of breast cancer and carcinoma in situ to monitor screening policies in developing settings.

There have been arguments about the role of breast cancer screening at the population level, and some points of controversy have arisen, such the establishment of organized screening policies and the age at which to begin screening. The real benefit of screening has been questioned because the results of this practice may increase the diagnosis of indolent lesions without decreasing mortality due to breast cancer. The authors have proposed a study of incidence and mortality trends for breast cancer in a developing setting in Brazil to monitor the effectiveness of the official recommendations that prioritize the age group from 50 to 69 years.

Association Between Zika Virus Microcephaly in Newborns With the rs3775291 Variant in Toll-Like Receptor 3 and rs1799964 Variant at Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene.

Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a cluster of malformation, and the mechanisms that lead it are still unclear. Using hypothesis-driven candidate genes and their function in viral infections, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a sample population from Sergipe State, Brazil. This study shows that rs3775291 SNP at Toll-like receptor 3, which triggers type I interferon antiviral responses in mothers infected by Zika virus during pregnancy, is associated with CZS occurrence (odds ratio [OR], 2.

Endometrial Tuberculosis: Hysteroscopic Findings of a Clinical Case.

Endometrial tuberculosis is a rare diagnosis in the postmenopausal period, and it can mimic a carcinoma. The present article describes the case of a 54-year-old female patient with weight loss, abdominal pain, and ascites. An ultrasonography showed endometrial thickening, and a video hysteroscopy revealed a uterine cavity with formations with cotton aspect covering the entire endometrial surface and the tubal ostia.