Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in the memory clinic: A comparison of questionnaires, pulse oximetry, and polysomnography.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent among older adults and has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. The suitability of screening tools for detecting OSA in memory clinic settings is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the utility and validity of the STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) and pulse oximeter as a screening tool, compared to gold-standard polysomnography (PSG) in older adults attending a memory clinic.

The effect of restricted and free-living conditions on light exposure and sleep in older adults.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, studies reported that restricted living conditions were associated with worse subjective sleep quality. This effect might have been caused by reduced light exposure during lockdowns. We investigated light exposure levels, subjective and objective sleep and physical activity levels in older adults during restricted and free-living conditions after the pandemic.

Hypoxemia during rapid eye movement sleep mediates memory impairment in older adults at risk for dementia via CA1 hippocampal volume loss.

Background And Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased dementia risk. Nocturnal hypoxemia, which can be more severe during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, may be a key mechanism. This study examines how REM hypoxemia affects memory and explores whether hippocampal vulnerability to hypoxemia mediates this effect in older adults at risk for dementia.

Evaluating possible 'next day' impairment in insomnia patients administered an oral medicinal cannabis product by night: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Cannabis and its major constituents, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), are being widely used to treat sleep disturbances. However, THC can cause acute cognitive and psychomotor impairment and there are concerns that driving and workplace safety might be compromised the day after evening use. Here, we examined possible 'next day' impairment following evening administration of a typical medicinal cannabis oil in adults with insomnia disorder, compared to matched placebo.

Sleep spindle architecture associated with distinct clinical phenotypes in older adults at risk for dementia.

Sleep spindles are a hallmark of non-REM sleep and play a fundamental role in memory consolidation. Alterations in these spindles are emerging as sensitive biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases of ageing. Understanding the clinical presentations associated with spindle alterations may help to elucidate the functional role of these distinct electroencephalographic oscillations and the pathophysiology of sleep and neurodegenerative disorders.

Predicting neurodegeneration from sleep related biofluid changes.

Sleep-wake disturbances are common in neurodegenerative diseases and may occur years before the clinical diagnosis, potentially either representing an early stage of the disease itself or acting as a pathophysiological driver. Therefore, discovering biomarkers that identify individuals with sleep-wake disturbances who are at risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases will allow early diagnosis and intervention. Given the association between sleep and neurodegeneration, the most frequently analyzed fluid biomarkers in people with sleep-wake disturbances to date include those directly associated with neurodegeneration itself, such as neurofilament light chain, phosphorylated tau, amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein.

Region-specific changes in brain activity and memory after continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot high-density electroencephalography study.

Study Objectives: Limited channel electroencephalography (EEG) investigations in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have revealed deficits in slow wave activity (SWA) and spindles during sleep and increased EEG slowing during resting wakefulness. High-density EEG (Hd-EEG) has also detected local parietal deficits in SWA (delta power) during NREM. It is unclear whether effective continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment reverses regional SWA deficits, and other regional sleep and wake EEG abnormalities, and whether any recovery relates to improved overnight memory consolidation.

Cannabinol (CBN; 30 and 300 mg) effects on sleep and next-day function in insomnia disorder ('CUPID' study): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, three-arm, proof-of-concept trial.

Objective: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder, with few effective pharmacotherapies. Anecdotal reports and recent preclinical research suggest that cannabinol (CBN), a constituent of derived from delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, could be an effective treatment. Despite this, the isolated effects of CBN on sleep have yet to be systematically studied in humans.

The association between sleep spindles and cognitive function in middle-aged and older men from a community-based cohort study.

Objectives: Previous studies examining associations between sleep spindles and cognitive function attempted to account for obstructive sleep apnea without consideration for potential moderating effects. To elucidate associations between sleep spindles, cognitive function, and obstructive sleep apnea, this study of community-dwelling men examined cross-sectional associations between sleep spindle metrics and daytime cognitive function outcomes following adjustment for obstructive sleep apnea and potential obstructive sleep apnea moderating effects.

Methods: Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study participants (n = 477, 41-87 years) reporting no previous obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis underwent home-based polysomnography (2010-2011).

Associations of Baseline Sleep Microarchitecture with Cognitive Function After 8 Years in Middle-Aged and Older Men from a Community-Based Cohort Study.

Purpose: Prospective studies examining associations between baseline sleep microarchitecture and future cognitive function recruited from small samples with predominantly short follow-up. This study examined sleep microarchitecture predictors of cognitive function (visual attention, processing speed, and executive function) after 8 years in community-dwelling men.

Patients And Methods: Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study participants (n=477) underwent home-based polysomnography (2010-2011), with 157 completing baseline (2007-2010) and follow-up (2018-2019) cognitive assessments (trail-making tests A [TMT-A] and B [TMT-B] and the standardized mini-mental state examination [SMMSE]).

Overnight declarative memory consolidation and non-rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalographic oscillations in older adults with obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: To compare overnight declarative memory consolidation and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations in older adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to a control group and assess slow-wave activity (SWA) and sleep spindles as correlates of memory consolidation.

Methods: Forty-six older adults (24 without OSA and 22 with OSA) completed a word-pair associate's declarative memory task before and after polysomnography. Recall and recognition were expressed as a percentage of the morning relative to evening scores.

The Health Effects of 72 Hours of Simulated Wind Turbine Infrasound: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Study in Noise-Sensitive, Healthy Adults.

Background: Large electricity-generating wind turbines emit both audible sound and inaudible infrasound at very low frequencies that are outside of the normal human range of hearing. Sufferers of wind turbine syndrome (WTS) have attributed their ill-health and particularly their sleep disturbance to the signature pattern of infrasound. Critics have argued that these symptoms are psychological in origin and are attributable to nocebo effects.

The Effect of Light Therapy on Electroencephalographic Sleep in Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders: A Scoping Review.

Light therapy is used to treat sleep and circadian rhythm disorders, yet there are limited studies on whether light therapy impacts electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of research studies that examined the effects of light therapy on sleep macro- and micro-architecture in populations with sleep and circadian rhythm disorders. We searched for randomized controlled trials that used light therapy and included EEG sleep measures using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases.

A systematic scoping review of the effects of central nervous system active drugs on sleep spindles and sleep-dependent memory consolidation.

Sleep spindles are key electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillatory events that occur during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Deficits in sleep spindles are present in populations with sleep and neurological disorders, and in severe mental illness. Pharmacological manipulation of these waveforms is of growing interest with therapeutic potential in targeting spindle deficits relating to memory impairment.

The association between sleep microarchitecture and cognitive function in middle-aged and older men: a community-based cohort study.

Study Objectives: Sleep microarchitecture parameters determined by quantitative power spectral analysis of electroencephalograms have been proposed as potential brain-specific markers of cognitive dysfunction. However, data from community samples remain limited. This study examined cross-sectional associations between sleep microarchitecture and cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling men.

Improvements in cognitive function and quantitative sleep electroencephalogram in obstructive sleep apnea after six months of continuous positive airway pressure treatment.

Study Objectives: Untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive deficits and altered brain electrophysiology. We evaluated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on quantitative sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) measures and cognitive function.

Methods: We studied 167 patients with OSA (age 50 ± 13, AHI 35.

Insomnia subtypes characterised by objective sleep duration and NREM spectral power and the effect of acute sleep restriction: an exploratory analysis.

Insomnia disorder (ID) is a heterogeneous disorder with proposed subtypes based on objective sleep duration. We speculated that insomnia subtyping with additional power spectral analysis and measurement of response to acute sleep restriction may be informative in overall assessment of ID. To explore alternative classifications of ID subtypes, insomnia patients (n = 99) underwent two consecutive overnight sleep studies: (i) habitual sleep opportunity (polysomnography, PSG) and, (ii) two hours less sleep opportunity (electroencephalography, EEG), with the first night compared to healthy controls (n = 25).

Safety of higher doses of melatonin in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Melatonin is commonly used for sleep and jetlag at low doses. However, there is less documentation on the safety of higher doses, which are being increasingly used for a wide variety of conditions, including more recently COVID-19 prevention and treatment. The aim of this review was to investigate the safety of higher doses of melatonin in adults.

The association between obstructive sleep apnea and sleep spindles in middle-aged and older men: a community-based cohort study.

Study Objectives: Sleep spindles show morphological changes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, previous small studies have limited generalizability, leaving associations between OSA severity measures and spindle metrics uncertain. This study examined cross-sectional associations between OSA severity measures and spindle metrics among a large population-based sample of men.

Brain mitochondrial dysfunction and driving simulator performance in untreated obstructive sleep apnea.

It is challenging to determine which patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have impaired driving ability. Vulnerability to this neurobehavioral impairment may be explained by lower brain metabolites levels involved in mitochondrial metabolism. This study compared markers of brain energy metabolism in OSA patients identified as vulnerable vs resistant to driving impairment following extended wakefulness.

Sleep spindle activity correlates with implicit statistical learning consolidation in untreated obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Objective/background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between overnight consolidation of implicit statistical learning with spindle frequency EEG activity and slow frequency delta power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Patients/methods: Forty-seven OSA participants completed the experiment. Prior to sleep, participants performed a reaction time cover task containing hidden patterns of pictures, about which participants were not informed.

Summary and Update on Behavioral Interventions for Improving Adherence with Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in Adults.

Continuous positive airway pressure (PAP) is still the most efficacious treatment for obstructive sleep apnea when used effectively. Since the availability of PAP 39 years ago there have been considerable technological advances, such as quieter, lighter and smaller machines with better humidification. However, adherence to treatment is still a major problem.