Measurement of hyper- and hypotension during repeated dose toxicity studies in either freely moving or physically restrained cynomolgus monkeys.

Introduction: The measurement of cardiovascular endpoints in standard toxicology studies remains a challenge as the routinely used non-invasive methods require physical restraint, causing an increase of sympathetic neural activity, leading to excitement and potentially hypertension in the experimental animals. In this study, a miniature telemetry blood pressure transmitter was used to evaluate if the acute hyper- and hypotension could be detected in free moving cynomolgus monkeys as well as physically restrained animals using positive control drugs. Furthermore, as a comparator, routine high definition oscillometry (HDO) was performed in restrained animals.

Denial of pregnancy: a literature review and discussion of ethical and legal issues.

Denial of pregnancy is an important condition that is more common than expected, with an incidence at 20 weeks gestation of approximately 1 in 475. The proportion of cases persisting until delivery is about 1 in 2500, a rate similar to that of eclampsia. Denial of pregnancy poses adverse consequences including psychological distress, unassisted delivery and neonaticide.

Evaluation of blood pressure measurement using a miniature blood pressure transmitter with jacketed external telemetry in cynomolgus monkeys.

Introduction: Current techniques used to accurately determine arterial blood pressure (BP) in conscious, unrestrained monkeys require invasive telemetry. This study evaluated the functionality of an implanted miniature telemetry blood pressure transmitter for the collection of BP measurements in conjunction with electrocardiographic measurements using a jacketed external telemetry (JET) system in conscious, unrestrained cynomolgus monkeys.

Methods: Twenty-four animals were surgically implanted with the transmitter in the right femoral artery.