Anti-doping sciences, abjection and women's sport as a protected category.

In this article we explore the relationships amongst anti-doping sciences, 'abjection,' and the protection of 'women's' sport. We introduce three novel concepts: 'abjection bias,' 'abjection potential,' and 'intersectional abjection,' as tools with the potential to provide greater nuance to understanding the context for these contentious issues in contemporary sport. The debate concerning participation in women's sport-especially elite sport-of people who do not fit within traditional definition of 'women' is increasingly fraught with acrimony with anti-doping sciences often recruited as arbitrator.

Human genetic variation: new challenges and opportunities for doping control.

Sport celebrates differences in competitors that lead to the often razor-thin margins between victory and defeat. The source of this variation is the interaction between the environment in which the athletes develop and compete and their genetic make-up. However, a darker side of sports may also be genetically influenced: some anti-doping tests are affected by the athlete's genotype.