Global modeling of lake-water indirect photochemistry based on the equivalent monochromatic wavelength approximation: The case of the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter.

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays key role as photosensitizer in sunlit surface-water environments, and it is deeply involved in the photodegradation of contaminants. It has recently been shown that sunlight absorption by CDOM can be conveniently approximated based on its monochromatic absorption at 560 nm. Here we show that such an approximation allows for the assessment of CDOM photoreactions on a wide global scale and, particularly, in the latitude belt between 60°S and 60°N.

Solar water disinfection in large-volume containers: from the laboratory to the field. A case study in Tigray, Ethiopia.

The lack of safe drinking water affects communities in low-to-medium-income countries most. This barrier can be overcome by using sustainable point-of-use water treatments. Solar energy has been used to disinfect water for decades, and several efforts have been made to optimise the standard procedure of solar water disinfection (SODIS process).

A model to predict the kinetics of direct (endogenous) virus inactivation by sunlight at different latitudes and seasons, based on the equivalent monochromatic wavelength approach.

Sunlight plays an important role in the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses in water. Here we present a model that is able to predict the kinetics of direct virus inactivation (i.e.

Solar Water Disinfection to Produce Safe Drinking Water: A Review of Parameters, Enhancements, and Modelling Approaches to Make SODIS Faster and Safer.

Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is one the cheapest and most suitable treatments to produce safe drinking water at the household level in resource-poor settings. This review introduces the main parameters that influence the SODIS process and how new enhancements and modelling approaches can overcome some of the current drawbacks that limit its widespread adoption. Increasing the container volume can decrease the recontamination risk caused by handling several 2 L bottles.

Kinetic modeling of the synergistic thermal and spectral actions on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in water by sunlight.

Water contamination with the enteroprotozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is a current challenge worldwide. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) has been proved as a potential alternative for its inactivation, especially at household level in low-income environments. This work presents the first comprehensive kinetic model for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by sunlight that, based on the mechanism of the process, is able to describe not only the individual thermal and spectral actions but also their synergy.

Kinetic modeling of the synergistic thermal and spectral actions on the inactivation of viruses in water by sunlight.

Sunlight can be an effective tool for inactivating pathogens in water disinfection processes. In clear water, photoinactivation of viruses is driven by the absorption of UVB radiation and it is more efficient at shorter wavelengths. Moreover, the temperature can significantly improve the efficiency of the process.

Material selection and prediction of solar irradiance in plastic devices for application of solar water disinfection (SODIS) to inactivate viruses, bacteria and protozoa.

Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a simple, inexpensive and sustainable Household Water Treatment (HWT) that is appropriate for low-income countries or emergency situations. Usually, SODIS involves solar exposure of water contained in transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles for a minimum of 6 h. Sunlight, especially UVB radiation, has been demonstrated to photoinactivate bacteria, viruses and protozoa.