Examining the roles of reward sensitivity and difficulties in emotion regulation in relation to low-restraint binge eating.

Leading treatments for binge eating target dietary restraint, but up to 35% of the people with binge eating report low restraint. This study examined the roles of reward sensitivity and emotion dysregulation in relation to low-restraint binge eating. Women with binge eating (low-restraint:  = 22; high-restraint:  = 69) and controls ( = 49) completed self-report measures of generalized reward sensitivity and emotion dysregulation and a picture-viewing task assessing craving and pleasure for high-calorie food.

G3BP isoforms differentially affect stress granule assembly and gene expression during cellular stress.

Stress granules (SGs) are macromolecular assemblies that form under cellular stress. Formation of these membraneless organelles is driven by the condensation of RNA and RNA-binding proteins such as G3BPs. G3BPs form SGs following stress-induced translational arrest.

The Next Generation: Surgeon Learning Curve in a Mature Operative Rib Management Program.

Introduction: Prior work has demonstrated utility in using operative time to measure surgeon learning for surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF); however, no studies have used operative time to evaluate the benefit of proctoring in subsequent generations of surgeons. We sought to evaluate whether there is a difference in learning between an original series (TOS) of self-taught surgeons versus the next generation (TNG) of proctored surgeons using cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis. We hypothesized that TNG would have a comparatively accelerated learning curve.

Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Infection by Escalating Intestinal Inflammation, Epithelial Damage, and Barrier Disruption.

The interactions between , a critical foodborne cause of gastroenteritis, and the intestinal microbiota during infection are not completely understood. The crosstalk between and its host is impacted by the gut microbiota through mechanisms of competitive exclusion, microbial metabolites, or immune response. To investigate the role of gut microbiota on pathogenesis, we examined campylobacteriosis in the IL10KO mouse model, which was characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of intestinal proteobacteria, , and inflammatory cytokines during infection.

Protein-protein interactions with G3BPs drive stress granule condensation and gene expression changes under cellular stress.

Stress granules (SGs) are macromolecular assemblies that form under cellular stress. Formation of these condensates is driven by the condensation of RNA and RNA-binding proteins such as G3BPs. G3BPs condense into SGs following stress-induced translational arrest.

Primary care providers' perceptions on the integration of community-led advance care planning activities with primary care: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is a process intended to help ensure people receive medical care that is consistent with their values, goals, and preferences during serious and chronic illness. Barriers to implementing ACP in primary care settings exist. Community-led ACP initiatives exist in British Columbia to engage the public directly.

Iron modified biochar enables recovery and recycling of phosphorus from wastewater through column filters and flow reactors.

Controlling water pollution by phosphorus (P) and satisfying high demand of P fertilizer in agriculture are two global challenges for sustainable development. This paper presents a novel application of iron modified biochar as an adsorbent to recover P from wastewater and reuse it as P fertilizer. Granular iron biochar (GIB) and ball milled powder iron biochar (PIB) were prepared from pinewood pretreated with iron salt.

The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed methods systematic review.

Background: The prison setting and health status of people who experience imprisonment increase the risks of COVID-19 infection and sequelae, and other health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To conduct a mixed methods systematic review on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of people who experience imprisonment.

Data Sources: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Social Sciences Abstracts, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database, Coronavirus Research Database, ERIC, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Web of Science, and Scopus in October 2021.

Life cycle assessment of environmental impact of disposable drinking straws: A trade-off analysis with marine litter in the United States.

Sound environmental management to control marine plastic pollution requires a careful assessment of environmental costs and benefits of replacing single-use plastics with their biodegradable counterparts. This research employs the standard life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to assess and compare the environmental impact of plastic straws made from polypropylene (PP), and its biodegradable alternatives made from polylactic acid (PLA) and paper (PA) in the United States. Eight environmental impact categories, not including marine litter, were analyzed and a composite relative environmental impact index (REI) was derived for quantitative comparison.

Subjective social isolation or loneliness in older adults residing in social housing in Ontario: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Older adults face greater risk of social isolation, but the extent of social isolation among low-income older adults living in social housing is unknown. This study aims to explore the rate of, and risk factors contributing to, subjective social isolation or loneliness among older adults in social housing.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of data collected from a community program held in the common rooms of 55 social housing buildings in 14 communities across Ontario, Canada, from May 2018 to April 2019.

Iterative exponential growth of stereo- and sequence-controlled polymers.

Chemists have long sought sequence-controlled synthetic polymers that mimic nature's biopolymers, but a practical synthetic route that enables absolute control over polymer sequence and structure remains a key challenge. Here, we report an iterative exponential growth plus side-chain functionalization (IEG+) strategy that begins with enantiopure epoxides and facilitates the efficient synthesis of a family of uniform >3 kDa macromolecules of varying sequence and stereoconfiguration that are coupled to produce unimolecular polymers (>6 kDa) with sequences and structures that cannot be obtained using traditional polymerization techniques. Selective side-chain deprotection of three hexadecamers is also demonstrated, which imbues each compound with the ability to dissolve in water.

Synthesis of Acid-Labile PEG and PEG-Doxorubicin-Conjugate Nanoparticles via Brush-First ROMP.

A panel of acid-labile bis-norbornene cross-linkers was synthesized and evaluated for the formation of acid-degradable brush-arm star polymers (BASPs) via the brush-first ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) method. An acetal-based cross-linker was identified that, when employed in conjunction with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromonomer, provided highly controlled BASP formation reactions. A combination of this new cross-linker with a novel doxorubicin (DOX)--PEG macromonomer provided BASPs that simultaneously degrade and release cytotoxic DOX in vitro.

Brush-first synthesis of core-photodegradable miktoarm star polymers via ROMP: towards photoresponsive self-assemblies.

This report describes the synthesis of miktoarm brush-arm star polymers (BASPs) from branched and linear norbornene-terminated macromonomers (MMs) via the brush-first ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) method. First, a polystyrene (PS)-branch-poly(lactic acid) (PLA) MM is synthesized via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), tin(II)-mediated ring opening polymerization, and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Graft-through ROMP of this MM followed by in situ cross-linking with a photo-cleavable bis-norbornene derivative provided nanoscopic BASPs with photodegradable cores and a precise 1:1 PS:PLA arm composition.

Particles without a box: brush-first synthesis of photodegradable PEG star polymers under ambient conditions.

Convenient methods for the rapid, parallel synthesis of diversely functionalized nanoparticles will enable discovery of novel formulations for drug delivery, biological imaging, and supported catalysis. In this report, we demonstrate parallel synthesis of brush-arm star polymer (BASP) nanoparticles by the "brush-first" method. In this method, a norbornene-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromonomer (PEG-MM) is first polymerized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to generate a living brush macroinitiator.

Bone erosions in patients with chronic gouty arthropathy are associated with tophi but not bone oedema or synovitis: new insights from a 3 T MRI study.

Objectives: Bone erosion has been linked with tophus deposition in gout but the roles of osteitis (MRI bone oedema) and synovitis remain uncertain. Our aims in this prospective 3 T MRI study were to investigate the frequency of these features in gout and determine their relation to one another.

Methods: 3 T MRI scans of the wrist were obtained in 40 gout patients.

Assessment of tophus size: a comparison between physical measurement methods and dual-energy computed tomography scanning.

Background: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has recently been described as a sensitive method to detect urate deposits in patients with gout.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the reproducibility of DECT with various physical measurement methods of tophus size assessment.

Methods: Sixty-four tophi from 25 patients were analyzed.

Correlation of the multifocal visual evoked potential and standard automated perimetry in compressive optic neuropathies.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between abnormalities detected by the multifocal visual-evoked potential (mfVEP) compared with those detected by static achromatic automated perimetry in patients with compressive optic neuropathy.

Methods: Fifteen patients of mean age 50.8 years, with known compressive optic neuropathy from chiasmal lesions, underwent monocular mfVEP and 24-2 SITA-standard Humphrey visual field (HVF; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin CA) testing in each eye.