[Acute Renal Failure, Lactic Acidosis, and Metformin: Two Case Reports and Literature Review].

Lactic acidosis is a potential adverse event related to metformin therapy. Although metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare condition (about 10 cases / 100,000 patients / year), new cases continue to be reported, with a mortality of 40-50%. We describe two clinical cases characterized by severe metabolic acidosis, hyperlactacidemia, and acute renal injury.

[Rupture of renal cyst secondary to blunt trauma: case report and review of the literature].

Rupture of a renal cyst can be spontaneous, iatrogenic or consequent to a trauma even of minor entity, especially in predisposing conditions such as cysts, tumors or hydronephrosis. Kidneys are, in fact, involved in about 25% of abdominal traumas. The grading system of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classifies renal injuries into five categories based on renal involvement and abnormalities detected on contrast-enhanced CT, modality of choice in the evaluation of abdominal trauma with suspicion of intraperitoneal hemorrhage.

[Alström syndrome, a rare cause of renal failure: case report and review of the literature].

We describe the case of a 26-year-old male patient with a previous diagnosis of Alström Syndrome who presented drowsiness, dyspnea, tremors, and a dull abdominal pain, without signs of peritoneal irritation. The patient also presented sensorineural hearing loss, decreased vision, due to chorioretinal dystrophy, difficulty walking with back-lumbar double curve scoliosis, impaired glycemic homeostasis, and a significant deterioration of renal function. Alström syndrome is a multisystem disease characterized by rod-cone dystrophy, hearing loss, obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dilated cardiomyopathy, and progressive renal and hepatic dysfunction.

[Lithium sulfate poisoning treated with hemodialysis in a patient with normal renal function: a case report].

Lithium is the milestone of psychiatric patients' therapy, in particular in bipolar disorder. Despite its high therapeutic efficacy, there are several side effects (renal, thyroid, parathyroid, dermatological) and management problems linked to its narrow therapeutic range, which exposes patients to a high risk of toxicity. We describe the case of a male patient with bipolar disorder in therapy with lithium sulfate who developed a severe acute-on-chronic intoxication.

Elite VABB 13G: A New Ultrasound-Guided Wireless Biopsy System for Breast Lesions. Technical Characteristics and Comparison with Respect to Traditional Core-Biopsy 14-16G Systems.

The typification of breast lumps with fine-needle biopsies is often affected by inconclusive results that extend diagnostic time. Many breast centers have progressively substituted cytology with micro-histology. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of a 13G-needle biopsy using cable-free vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) technology.

MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: experience of a single tertiary referral cancer centre and prospects for the future.

MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) is used for suspicious breast cancer (BC) lesions which are detectable only with MRI: because the high sensitivity but limited specificity of breast MRI it is a fundamental tool in breast imaging divisions. We analyse our experience of MRI-guided VABB and critically discuss the potentialities of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and artificial intelligence (AI) in this matter. We retrospectively analysed a population of consecutive women underwent VABB at our tertiary referral BC centre from 01/2011 to 01/2019.

Breast metastasis from ovarian cancer: A case report.

Breast metastasis from ovarian cancer is a rare event, with vary clinical and imaging presentations, depends on the form of dissemination of the disease and may mimic primary benign and malignant lesions.Confirmation of the diagnosis is of pivotal importance to choice an adequate therapeutic planning, allowing to avoid unnecessary surgeries and to provide appropriate systemic therapy. In this manuscript, we present a case of breast metastasis from ovarian cancer.

Atypical ductal hyperplasia: Our experience in the management and long term clinical follow-up in 71 patients.

Introduction: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a high-risk benign lesion found in approximately 1-10% of breast biopsies and associated with a variable incidence of carcinoma after surgical excision. The main goal of our study is to present our experience in the management and long-term follow-up of 71 patients with ADH diagnosed on breast biopsy.

Materials And Methods: Results of 3808 breast biopsy specimens from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2005 were analyzed to identify all biopsies which resulted in a diagnosis of ADH.

Imaging Patients With Alimentary Tract Perforation: Literature Review.

Alimentary tract perforation is a frequent emergency condition. Imaging plays an important role to make an accurate diagnosis, defining the presence, the level, and the cause of the perforation, essential information to enable the most correct therapeutic choice. Plain radiography is generally performed as the first choice.

Small-Bowel Neoplasms: Role of MRI Enteroclysis.

Small-bowel neoplasms are the 3%-6% of all gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Due to the rarity of these lesions, the low index of clinical suspicion, and the inadequate radiologic examinations or incorrect interpretation of radiologic findings, a delay in diagnosis of 6-8 months from the first symptoms often occurs. Even if conventional enteroclysis and capsule endoscopy are the most common procedures used to accurately depict the bowel lumen and mucosal surface, their use in evaluating the mural and extramural extents of small-bowel tumors is limited.

Application of imaging guidelines in patients with foreign body ingestion or inhalation: literature review.

Ingestion, inhalation, and insertion of foreign bodies (FBs) are very common clinical occurrences. In any case, early diagnosis and prompt management are mandatory to avoid severe and life-threatening complications. Radiologists have an important role in revealing the presence, dimension, nature, and relationship with anatomical structures of a FB; selecting the most appropriate imaging modality; and enabling the best therapeutic choice.

Bowel intussusceptions in adults: the role of imaging.

Intestinal intussusception in adults is a rare condition, accounting for about 0.003-0.02% of all hospital admissions.

[Assessment of correct positioning and complications after insertion of central venous catheters using chest radiography].

The central venous catheter (CVC) is a very common procedure in the daily medical practice. In fact the CVCs are used to administer liquids and chemotherapeutics, the parenteral nutrition management, the measurement of the central venous pressure, the administration of hemodialysis. The international guidelines recommends always verifying the correct positioning of the tip of the CVC and to identify possible complications before his use.

[Acustic neurinoma: correlation between clinic and MRI].

The purpose of this paper is to study acoustic neuroma diagnostic process, describe tumor's molecular basis and its magnetic resonance imaging characterization, which is considered to be the gold standard diagnostic tool to study this disease.

Sources of error in emergency ultrasonography.

Background: To evaluate the common sources of diagnostic errors in emergency ultrasonography.

Methods: The authors performed a Medline search using PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) for original research and review publications examining the common sources of errors in diagnosis with specific reference to emergency ultrasonography. The search design utilized different association of the following terms : (1) emergency ultrasonography, (2) error, (3) malpractice and (4) medical negligence.

Role of computed tomography in the assessment of intraorbital foreign bodies.

Intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs) are a common occurrence worldwide and happen at a frequency of once in every 6 cases of orbital trauma. An orbital foreign body may produce a variety of signs and symptoms related to its size, composition, and ballistics. Retained foreign bodies may give rise to cellulitis, abscess, fistulas, and impaired vision and motility.

Communication of findings of radiologic examinations: medicolegal considerations.

Radiologists receive little formal training regarding the structure of the radiology report and its importance as a medicolegal document; failure to communicate, in fact, represents one of the main problems facing the modern radiologists' activity. Duty to the patient does not end anymore with the written report; the paradox is that we are so advanced in imaging technology, but not in communicating imaging findings. Communication must be timely, appropriate, and fully documented.