Disparities in disaster healthcare: A review through a pandemic lens.

Objective: To provide an overview of the literature on the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on healthcare disparities in various groups, in relation to social determinants of health (SDOH) and longstanding social disparities.

Design: The Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) addressed the impact of health disparities in disaster planning and response. A workgroup composed of seven physicians with academic and deployment disaster medicine experience was formed.

Population structure and pathogen interaction of Escherichia coli in freshwater: Implications of land-use for water quality and public health in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Freshwater samples (n = 199) were obtained from 41 sites with contrasting land-uses (avian, low impact, dairy, urban, sheep and beef, and mixed sheep, beef and dairy) and the E. coli phylotype of 3980 isolates (20 per water sample enrichment) was determined. Eight phylotypes were identified with B1 (48.

Disaster healthcare disparities solutions: Part 3-Recovery and mitigation.

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential solutions for disaster healthcare disparities. This paper is the third of a three-part series that was written by the Disaster Healthcare Disparities Workgroup of the American College of Emergency Physicians Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee. The committee conducted a literature review and chose articles most representative and demonstrative of solutions to disaster healthcare disparities found in a past workgroup product.

Disaster healthcare disparities solutions: Part 2-Response.

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential solutions for disaster healthcare disparities. This paper is the second of a three-part series that was written by the Disaster Healthcare Disparities Workgroup of the American College of Emergency Physicians Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee. The committee conducted a literature review and chose articles most representative and demonstrative of solutions to disaster healthcare disparities found in a past workgroup product.

Disaster healthcare disparities solutions: Part 1-Preparation.

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential solutions for disaster healthcare disparities. This paper is the first of a three-part series that was written by the Disaster Healthcare Disparities Workgroup of the American College of Emergency Physicians Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee. The committee workgroup conducted a literature review and chose articles most representative and demonstrative of solutions to disaster healthcare disparities found in a past workgroup product exploring disaster healthcare disparities seen in disaster.

A faculty-led resident strike team as a force expander during disaster.

The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic produced an unprecedented strain on the United States medical system. Prior to the pandemic, there was an estimated 20,000 physician shortage. This has been further stressed by physicians falling ill and the increased acuity of the COVID-19 patients.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative wastewater isolates from Aotearoa New Zealand.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing bacteria were isolated from raw sewage, effluent, oxidation pond water, and sediment from a wastewater treatment plant in Aotearoa New Zealand. Here, we report the assemblies of 17 isolates belonging to the species , , , , , , , , , and .

Antimicrobial Resistance in Selected Bacteria from Food Animals in New Zealand 2018-2022.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a significant threat to human health worldwide. One important source of antimicrobial-resistant infections in humans is exposure to animals or animal products. In a phased survey, we investigated AMR in 300 Escherichia coli isolates and 300 enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis and E.

The 2023 Model Core Content of Disaster Medicine.

Introduction: Disaster Medicine (DM) is the clinical specialty whose expertise includes the care and management of patients and populations outside conventional care protocols. While traditional standards of care assume the availability of adequate resources, DM practitioners operate in situations where resources are not adequate, necessitating a modification in practice. While prior academic efforts have succeeded in developing a list of core disaster competencies for emergency medicine residency programs, international fellowships, and affiliated health care providers, no official standardized curriculum or consensus has yet been published to date for DM fellowship programs based in the United States.

Air Medical Blood Transfusion as a Trigger of Massive Transfusion Protocol.

Air medical services can improve access to blood products at the point of injury. Studies have shown that early activation of mass transfusion protocols (MTPs) can improve the survival of trauma patients by up to 25%. There are several scoring systems to guide early activation, but the use of a single criterion has been elusive.

Disparities in disaster healthcare: A review of past disasters.

Objective: To review the literature on the effects seen after disaster on those with poor social determinants of health (SDOH) and individual social needs.

Design: The Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) formed a work group to study healthcare disparities seen in disaster. This group was composed of six physicians on the committee, all of whom have extensive background in disaster medicine and the chair of the committee.

Quality Management of Prehospital Airway Programs: An NAEMSP Position Statement and Resource Document.

Prehospital airway management encompasses a multitude of complex decision-making processes, techniques, and interventions. Quality management (encompassing quality assurance and quality improvement activities) in EMS is dynamic, evidence-based, and most of all, patient-centric. Long a mainstay of the EMS clinician skillset, airway management deserves specific focus and attention and dedicated quality management processes to ensure the delivery of high-quality clinical care.

Markers for discriminating genomospecies using MALDI-TOF analysis.

Strains identified as may belong to one of at least two biochemically indistinguishable, but genomically distinct, groups referred to as "genomospecies" that may differ in their pathogenic and zoonotic potential. Reliable, affordable and available identification methods are required to improve understanding of their significance in human illness. We examined the potential for MALDI-TOF MS, increasingly used in routine laboratories, for this task.

, , , and are later synonyms of : transfer of , , '', and '' to as comb. nov., comb. nov., comb. nov. and comb. nov.

This paper re-examines the taxonomic positions of recently described ( and ), ('), ('') and (, ) species, and other species proposed to represent novel genera highly related to the genus . Phylogenomic and several overall genome relatedness indices (OGRIs) were applied to a total of 118 representative genomes for this purpose. Phylogenomic analyses demonstrated the clade to be distinct from other , clearly defined and containing closely related species.

The journey of herpesvirus capsids and genomes to the host cell nucleus.

Starting a herpesviral infection is a steeplechase across membranes, cytosol, and nuclear envelopes and against antiviral defence mechanisms. Here, we highlight recent insights on capsid stabilization at the portals during assembly, early capsid-host interactions ensuring nuclear targeting of incoming capsids, and genome uncoating. After fusion with a host membrane, incoming capsids recruit microtubule motors for traveling to the centrosome, and by unknown mechanisms get forward towards the nucleus.

A retrospective analysis of calcium levels in pediatric trauma patients.

Traumatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Hemorrhage is a known but treatable component of these outcomes. Evidence exists that major trauma patients are at high risk for hypocalcemia but the rate of pediatric occurrence is not documented.

Induced dendritic cells co-expressing GM-CSF/IFN-α/tWT1 priming T and B cells and automated manufacturing to boost GvL.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with minimal residual disease and receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) have poor survival. Adoptive administration of dendritic cells (DCs) presenting the Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) leukemia-associated antigen can potentially stimulate T and B cell development to harness the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect after HCT. We established a simple and fast genetic modification of monocytes for simultaneous lentiviral expression of a truncated WT1 antigen (tWT1), granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon (IFN)-α, promoting their self-differentiation into potent "induced DCs" (iDCtWT1).

Genetic characterisation of Campylobacter concisus: Strategies for improved genomospecies discrimination.

Although at least two genetically distinct groups, or genomospecies, have been well documented for Campylobacter concisus, no phenotype has yet been identified for their differentiation and thus formal description as separate species. C. concisus has been isolated from a variety of sites in the human body, including saliva and stool samples from both healthy and diarrhoeic individuals.

Current Practices in Tranexamic Acid Administration for Pediatric Trauma Patients in the United States.

Background: Although controversial, early administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce mortality in adult patients with major trauma. Tranexamic acid has also been successfully used in elective pediatric surgery, with significant reduction in blood loss and transfusion requirements. There are limited data to guide its use in pediatric trauma patients.

Incidence of Hypocalcemia and Role of Calcium Replacement in Major Trauma Patients Requiring Operative Intervention.

Traumatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and hemorrhage is a primary factor. Evidence exists that major trauma patients are at high risk of hypocalcemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and rate of calcium replacement in major trauma patients requiring operative intervention, and to investigate the impact of hypocalcemia on rate of transfusion and mortality.