Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulation by food proteins and protein hydrolysates.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an enterohormone with a key role in several processes controlling body homeostasis, including glucose homeostasis and food intake regulation. It is secreted by the intestinal cells in response to nutrients, such as glucose, fat and amino acids. In the present review, we analyse the effect of protein on GLP-1 secretion and clearance.

Long Term Exposure to a Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Enhances L-Cell Differentiation in Intestinal Organoids.

Scope: A grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) interacts at the intestinal level, enhancing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) release, which modulate appetite and glucose homeostasis. Thus, enhancing L-cell numbers could be a strategy to promote hormone production, providing a potential strategy for obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment.

Methods And Results: Mice ileum organoids are used to evaluate the long-term effects of GSPE and two of its main components, epicatechin (EC) and gallic acid (GA), on intestinal differentiation.

Zonation of Ribosomal DNA Transcription Defines a Stem Cell Hierarchy in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are composed of an amalgam of cells with distinct genotypes and phenotypes. Here, we reveal a previously unappreciated heterogeneity in the biosynthetic capacities of CRC cells. We discover that the majority of ribosomal DNA transcription and protein synthesis in CRCs occurs in a limited subset of tumor cells that localize in defined niches.

Proanthocyanidins Limit Adipose Accrual Induced by a Cafeteria Diet, Several Weeks after the End of the Treatment.

A dose of proanthocyanidins with satiating properties proved to be able to limit body weight increase several weeks after administration under exposure to a cafeteria diet. Here we describe some of the molecular targets and the duration of the effects. We treated rats with 500 mg grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE)/kg BW for ten days.

Mining large databases to find new leads with low similarity to known actives: application to find new DPP-IV inhibitors.

Fragment-based drug design or bioisosteric replacement is used to find new actives with low (or no) similarity to existing ones but requires the synthesis of nonexisting compounds to prove their predicted bioactivity. Protein-ligand docking or pharmacophore screening are alternatives but they can become computationally expensive when applied to very large databases such as ZINC. Therefore, fast strategies are necessary to find new leads in such databases.

Antihyperglycemic effect of a chicken feet hydrolysate via the incretin system: DPP-IV-inhibitory activity and GLP-1 release stimulation.

Herein, the potential of hydrolysates of chicken feet proteins as natural dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors was investigated; moreover, three hydrolysates were selected due to their high DPP-IV inhibitory capacity (>80% inhibition), showing the IC50 values of around 300 μg estimated protein per mL; one of them (named p4H) was selected for the posterior analysis. In addition, its effect on glucose tolerance was investigated in two rat models (diet and age-induced) of glucose-intolerance and healthy animals; the amount of 300 mg estimated peptide per kg body weight improved the plasma glucose profile in both glucose-intolerance models. Moreover, it stimulated active GLP-1 release in the enteroendocrine STC-1 cells and rat ileum tissue.

Effects of an Intermittent Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidin (GSPE) Treatment on a Cafeteria Diet Obesogenic Challenge in Rats.

Obesity is highly associated with the pathologies included in the concept of the Metabolic Syndrome. Grape-seed proanthocyanins (GSPE) have showed very positive effects against all these metabolic disruptions; however, there is, as yet, no consensus about their effectiveness against an obesogenic challenge, such as a cafeteria diet. We determined the effectiveness of a dose of 500 mg GSPE/kg b.

Grape seed proanthocyanidins influence gut microbiota and enteroendocrine secretions in female rats.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) modulates several parameters involved in metabolic syndrome. GSPE is a mixture of compounds, some which are rapidly absorbed, while others remain in the lumen where they might have effects that are translated to the whole organism. Our aim was to decipher if the 8-day treatment of GSPE, previously shown to reduce food intake, induces changes in the microbiota and enterohormone secretion.

Acute selective bioactivity of grape seed proanthocyanidins on enteroendocrine secretions in the gastrointestinal tract.

: Enteroendocrine cells respond to food components by secreting an array of hormones that regulate several functions. We have previously shown that grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) modulate GLP-1 levels. : To deepen on the knowledge of the mechanisms used by GSPE to increase GLP-1, and extend it to its role at modulation of other enterohormones.

Defining Conditions for Optimal Inhibition of Food Intake in Rats by a Grape-Seed Derived Proanthocyanidin Extract.

Food intake depends on homeostatic and non-homeostatic factors. In order to use grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) as food intake limiting agents, it is important to define the key characteristics of their bioactivity within this complex function. We treated rats with acute and chronic treatments of GSPE at different doses to identify the importance of eating patterns and GSPE dose and the mechanistic aspects of GSPE.

Subchronic treatment with grape-seed phenolics inhibits ghrelin production despite a short-term stimulation of ghrelin secretion produced by bitter-sensing flavanols.

Scope: Grape-seed phenolic compounds have recently been described as satiating agents in rats when administered as a whole phenolic extract (GSPE). This satiating effect may involve the release of satiating gut hormones such as GLP-1, although a short-term increase in the orexigenic hormone ghrelin was also reported. In this study, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of GSPE in rats, focusing on the role of the main grape-seed phenolics in ghrelin secretion.

A specific dose of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins to inhibit body weight gain limits food intake and increases energy expenditure in rats.

Purpose: Several studies have suggested that flavanols may have antiobesity effects; however, those effects clearly depend on the experimental conditions. In a previous study, we found that a single acute dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has satiating effects. We therefore hypothesise that satiating doses of GSPE could be used to reduce body weight gain, and our present objective was to define the most effective dose.

Acutely administered grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract acts as a satiating agent.

Grape-seed proanthocyanidins' role as stimulators of active GLP-1 in rats suggests that they could be effective as satiating agents. Wistar rats were used to study the effects of proanthocyanidins on food intake with different doses, administration times and proanthocyanidin extract compositions. A dose of 423 mg of phenolics per kg body weight (BW) of grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) was necessary to decrease the 12-hour cumulative food intake by 18.

Procyanidins and their healthy protective effects against type 2 diabetes.

This review focuses on the role of procyanidins, the main group of flavonoids, on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance. We compile the role of procyanidins on several animal models, and we evaluate their effects on target tissues and analyze the mechanisms involved. Procyanidin treatments in fructose or high-fat induced insulin resistant models were found to improve the damage induced by the diet, thus improving glycemia and insulin sensitivity.