Orange Peel : Development of A Mucoadhesive Nasal Spray with Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity.

Due to the high frequency and severity of upper respiratory bacterial infections, probiotics could offer a new medical approach. We explored the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the new strain BIA and formulated a nasal spray. BIA was isolated from orange peel and taxonomically identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

A New Wound-Healing Tool Based on Extract-Loaded Ufasomes on Spanish Broom Dressings.

The development of innovative products for restoring skin integrity and promoting wound healing is still a challenge. The aim of this work was to evaluate an innovative Spanish broom wound dressing impregnated with extract-loaded ufasomes to improve wound healing. Ufasomes were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, and stability.

Association of mucoadhesive polymeric matrices and liposomes for local delivery of miconazole: A new approach for the treatment of oral candidiasis.

Since the local treatment of oral candidiasis usually requires long-term administration of the antifungal drug, an ideal dosage form should be able to maintain the drug release over an extended period, assuring an adequate concentration at the infection site. In this context, we have considered the possibility of a buccal delivery of miconazole nitrate (MN) by mucoadhesive polymeric matrices. The loading of the antifungal drug in a hydrophilic matrix was made possible by taking advantage of the amphiphilic nature of liposomes (LP).

Exerts Bifidogenic Effects: A Novel Postbiotic Strategy for Infant Prebiotic Supplementation.

Infant microbiota shaping strictly influences newborns' well-being and long-term health, and babies born by cesarean-section and formula-fed generally show low microbial gut diversity and are more prone to develop various disorders. The supplementation with beneficial microbes of vaginal origin or derivatives (postbiotics, including heat-inactivated cells) represents a valid strategy to drive the correct gut microbiota shaping. Here, we explored for the first time the bifidogenic activity of a heat-killed vaginal strain ( BC17), in addition to the assessment of its safety.

Design and Characterization of an Ethosomal Gel Encapsulating Rosehip Extract.

Rising environmental awareness drives green consumers to purchase sustainable cosmetics based on natural bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to deliver L. extract as a botanical ingredient in an anti-aging gel using an eco-friendly approach.

Prebiotic Activity of Vaginal Lactobacilli on Bifidobacteria: from Concept to Formulation.

The gut of babies born vaginally is rapidly colonized by spp. after birth, while in infants born by cesarean section (C-section), the presence of bifidobacteria drops dramatically, increasing the risk of developing gastrointestinal disorders. Considering that newborns naturally come into contact with maternal lactobacilli as they pass through the birth canal, the aim of this work is to exploit for the first time the bifidogenic activity exerted by the cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from lactobacilli of vaginal origin, belonging to the species Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.

Drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-polymeric nanoparticles: A promising strategy for rifampicin administration.

The aim of this work was to develop novel chitosan (CH) based nanoparticles (NPs) for rifampicin (RIF) delivery. RIF, a lipophilic molecule, was incorporated inside NPs as a complex with an anionic cyclodextrin, sulphobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). NPs were then prepared through the ionic gelation method by exploiting the interaction between CH and SBE-β-CD-RIF complex (CH/SBE-β-CD-RIF NPs), possibly in the presence of other crosslinkers, like carboxymethylcellulose (CH/SBE-β-CD-RIF/CMC NPs) and pentasodium tripolyphosphate (CH/SBE-β-CD-RIF/TPP NPs).

Drug delivery to the brain: In situ gelling formulation enhances carbamazepine diffusion through nasal mucosa models with mucin.

The objective of this work was to optimize a thermosensitive in situ gelling formulation to improve intranasal and nose-to-brain delivery of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ). A preliminary procedure of vehicles obtained just mixing different fractions of poloxamer 407 (P407) and poloxamer 188 (P188) revealed preparations with phase transition temperatures, times to gelation and pH values suitable for nasal delivery. Subsequently, the mucoadhesive properties of the most promising formulations were tuned by adding hydroxypropylmethylcellulose types of different viscosity grades, and the effect of the adhesive polymers was evaluated by testing in vitro time and strength of mucoadhesion on specimens of sheep nasal mucosa.

Development and Characterization of Azithromycin-Loaded Microemulsions: A Promising Tool for the Treatment of Bacterial Skin Infections.

In recent years, the treatment of bacterial skin infections has been considered a major healthcare issue due to the growing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of . The incorporation of antibiotics in appropriate nanosystems could represent a promising strategy, able to overcome several drawbacks of the topical treatment of infections, including poor drug retention within the skin. The present work aims to develop microemulsions containing azithromycin (AZT), a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic.

Extraction, Encapsulation into Lipid Vesicular Systems, and Biological Activity of L. Bioactive Compounds for Dermocosmetic Use.

Valorization of wild plants to obtain botanical ingredients could be a strategy for sustainable production of cosmetics. This study aimed to select the rosehip extract containing the greatest amounts of bioactive compounds and to encapsulate it in vesicular systems capable of protecting their own antioxidant activity. Chemical analysis of L.

Development of Spanish Broom and Flax Dressings with Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Loaded Films for Wound Healing: Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Properties.

The selection of an appropriate dressing for each type of wound is a very important procedure for a faster and more accurate healing process. So, the aim of this study was to develop innovative Spanish Broom and flax wound dressings, as alternatives to cotton used as control, with polymeric films containing glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) to promote wound-exudate absorption and the healing process. The different wound dressings were prepared by a solvent casting method, and characterized in terms of drug loading, water uptake, and in vitro release.

Anti- Activity of Hyaluronic Acid Combined with Lyophilised Supernatant: A New Antifungal Strategy.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrencies are common in reproductive-aged women. The emergence of strains resistant to conventional antimycotic drugs prompted the search for alternative therapies. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a uniform and linear glycosaminoglycan, has been proposed as an anti- agent.

BC1 Biosurfactant Delivered by Hyalurosomes: An Advanced Strategy to Counteract Biofilm.

The emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs has made the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) very challenging. Among natural substances, biosurfactants (BS) produced by have gained increasing interest in counteracting infections for their proven anti-adhesive properties and safety profile. In the present study, liposomes (LP-BS) or liposomes coated with hyaluronic acid (HY-LP-BS) were prepared in the presence of the BS isolated from the vaginal strain BC1 and characterized in terms of size, ζ potential, stability and mucoadhesion.

Freeze-Dried Matrices for Buccal Administration of Propranolol in Children: Physico-Chemical and Functional Characterization.

Buccal matrices represent a widely accepted dosage form permitting a convenient, easy, reliable drug administration and reducing administration errors. The aim of this study was the development of mucoadhesive buccal matrices for propranolol administration in children. Matrices were obtained by freeze-drying of drug loaded polymeric solutions based on gum tragacanth (GT), pectin (PEC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), sodium hyaluronate (HA), gelatin (GEL), chitosan (CH) or a mixture of CH and HPMC (CH/HPMC).

Biosurfactant from vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 as a promising agent to interfere with Candida adhesion.

Background: Lactobacillus spp. dominating the vaginal microbiota of healthy women contribute to the prevention of urogenital and sexually transmitted infections. Their protective role in the vagina can be mediated by Lactobacillus cells themselves, metabolites or bacterial components, able to interfere with pathogen adhesion and infectivity.

Glycyrrhetinic Acid Liposomes and Hyalurosomes on Spanish Broom, Flax, and Hemp Dressings to Heal Skin Wounds.

The focus of this work was to prepare Spanish Broom, flax, and hemp dressings impregnated with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposomes or hyalurosomes to promote the healing process and protect the skin wounds. Vesicles were prepared by the film hydration method and characterized in terms of size, particle size distribution, ζ potential, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, and biocompatibility on 3T3 fibroblasts. Loaded liposomes and hyalurosomes showed nanometric size (355 ± 19 nm and 424 ± 32 nm, respectively), good size distribution (lower than 0.

Ondansetron buccal administration for paediatric use: A comparison between films and wafers.

The objective of this study was the development of different solid formulations, such as wafers and films, for buccal administration of ondansetron, a selective and potent antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptors used in children for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Wafers and films have been prepared drying an aqueous solution of pectin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium hyaluronate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan or gelatin, through lyophilization or oven. Formulations were characterized in terms of morphology, drug solid state and ability to hydrate, adhere to mucosa, release and favour the permeation of the drug through porcine esophageal epithelium, used as model of human buccal epithelium.

Mucoadhesive Buccal Films for Local Delivery of .

The aim of this work was to prepare mucoadhesive buccal films for local release of CD2, which shows interesting anti-inflammatory properties due to its high levels of arginine deiminase. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-based films were prepared by means of a modified casting method, which allowed CD2 loading on one side of the film, before its complete drying. Three batches of films were prepared, stored at +2-8 °C and +23-25 °C for 48 weeks and characterized in terms of physico-chemical and functional properties.

Transdermal Delivery of Antipsychotics: Rationale and Current Status.

The aim of this article is to provide the rationale for the development of transdermal formulations of antipsychotics by highlighting their main advantages, starting with an overview of the antipsychotic formulations that are currently available on the market. Progress regarding transdermal antipsychotic formulations was investigated by performing a search of papers, patents and clinical trials published in the last 10 years. Available data on antipsychotic transdermal formulations are reported and discussed, focusing on the characteristics of the dosage forms and their ability to promote drug absorption.

Liposomes containing biosurfactants isolated from Lactobacillus gasseri exert antibiofilm activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Staphylococcus aureus is the major causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, whose prevention and treatment have become more difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. In this regard, the development of an effective treatment represents a challenge that can be overcome by delivering new antibiofilm agents with appropriate nanocarriers. In this study, a biosurfactant (BS) isolated from Lactobacillus gasseri BC9 and subsequently loaded in liposomes (LP), was evaluated for its ability to prevent the development and to eradicate the biofilm of different methicillin resistant S.

Freeze-Dried Matrices Based on Polyanion Polymers for Chlorhexidine Local Release in the Buccal and Vaginal Cavities.

Chlorhexidine (CLX) is a wide spectrum cationic antimicrobial used for prevention and treatment of infections of buccal and vaginal cavities. To increase the residence time of CLX-based formulations at the application site and consequently reduce the daily dose frequency, new formulations composed of mucoadhesive polymers should be designed. The objective of this work was the development of matrices based on polyanionic polymers, such as sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum and sodium hyaluronate, aimed to prolong the local release of CLX into the buccal or vaginal cavity.

Cromolyn-crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

The aim of this work was to prepare new mucoadhesive nasal decongestant nanoparticles obtained by direct crosslinking between the cationic polymer chitosan and the anionic drug cromolyn. Different chitosan/cromolyn molar ratios were used in order to obtain nanoparticles of suitable size, encapsulation efficiency/drug loading and mucoadhesion. Moreover, the ability of the nanoparticles to deliver cromolyn into and through the nasal mucosa was evaluated.

Vaginal Bifidobacterium breve for preventing urogenital infections: Development of delayed release mucoadhesive oral tablets.

Bifidobacteria are predominant microorganisms in the intestinal flora, but at the same time represent a subdominant group of the vaginal microbiota. For this reason, oral administration of these probiotic bacteria can provide beneficial effect for both intestinal and urogenital ecosystems. The first aim of this study was to test the strain Bifidobacterium breve BC204, isolated from a vaginal swab of a healthy woman, for its capability to adhere to human cells, to survive to gastric acids and bile salts and to exert antimicrobial activities.