Mechanism substitution in preventive innovations: Dissecting the reproduction of health inequalities in the United States.

In the last three decades, numerous studies in different countries have corroborated the main postulates of the Fundamental Cause Theory (FCT), providing evidence showing how health inequalities are reproduced as society increases its capacity to control disease and/or avoid its consequences through preventive innovations. However, documenting the reproductive logic proposed by the theory requires the development of a dynamic analytical approach to consider socioeconomic disparities in the incorporation of multiple preventive innovations over time, which could act as mediating mechanisms of the durable relationship between socioeconomic status and health/mortality. This study draws on data from different waves of the National Health Interview Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to analyze the diffusion processes of various innovations in the U.

Local Welfare Systems and Health Inequalities: The Effects of Institutional Overlapping and Local Variations.

A growing research agenda shows the importance of local welfare systems in understanding socio-spatial inequalities in health. Welfare services provided by local governments overlap with those provided by other levels of government. Thus, differences in the provision of welfare services between municipalities could explain differences in residents' health, moderating the magnitude of health inequalities if local governments deploy actions capable of positively influencing the social determinants of health.

[The preventive efforts of the Spanish autonomous regions and socio-economic inequality in childhood obesity or overweight].

Objective: To explore trends in childhood overweight/obesity according to socio-economic status and in relation to the preventive effort developed by the Spanish autonomous regions.

Method: A series of multilevel cross-sectional studies were conducted using data from different waves of the Spanish National Health Survey, namely 2003, 2006, 2011 and 2017. Hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated, with individuals (level 1) nested within the region-period of study (level 2) and these, in turn, within the region (level 3).

Professional competencies and public health content in the human nutrition and dietetics degree program: A qualitative study based on experts' consensus.

Objective: To gather consensus on professional competencies and basic public health content for the degree program in Human Nutrition and Dietetics (HND).

Design: In 2018, the Fifth Meeting of University Public Health Professors took place in Zaragoza (Spain). Fourteen lecturers in the HND degree program participated from 11 Spanish universities.

Urban regeneration policies and mental health in a context of economic crisis in Andalusia (Spain).

Literature suggests that urban regeneration policies might contribute towards improving mental health of residents, but to date there is a lack of empirical research on how these policies and downward social mobility can interact and influence health outcomes. The current study aims to explicitly test whether regeneration policies implemented in deprived Andalusian urban places (southern Spain) moderate the use of anxiolytics and/or antidepressants, taking into consideration families' downward social mobility during the recent period of economic crisis in Spain. We designed a post intervention survey to retrospectively compare the evolution of psychotropic drug consumption in target and comparison areas.

Impact of area regeneration policies: performing integral interventions, changing opportunity structures and reducing health inequalities.

Background: Urban regeneration policies are area-based interventions addressing multidimensional problems. In this study, we analyse the impact of urban regeneration processes on the evolution of inequalities in mortality from certain causes. On the basis of Fundamental Cause Theory (FCT), our main hypothesis is that the impact of urban regeneration programmes will be more clearly observed on the causes of preventable deaths, as these programmes imply a direct or indirect improvement to a whole range of 'flexible resources' that residents in relevant areas have access to, and which ultimately may influence the inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and health.