Population Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin in Nonagenarian Patients: Optimization of the Dosing Regimen.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of digoxin in patients over 90 years old and to propose an equation for adjusting digoxin dose in this population.

Methods: We included 326 nonagenarian patients admitted to Severo Ochoa University Hospital (Spain) who received digoxin and were under therapeutic drug monitoring. All data were retrospectively collected, and population modeling was performed with non-linear mixed-effect modeling software (NONMEM).

Schnitzler syndrome refractory to anakinra: successful treatment with canakinumab.

Schnitzler syndrome (SchS) is a rare autoimmune and inflammatory disease mediated by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Recurrent monoclonal gammopathy and chronic urticarial rash are the symptoms required for diagnosis according to the Strasbourg criteria. The low prevalence of this syndrome (around 300 cases have been reported) and confusion with other inflammatory disorders may delay the diagnosis for up to 5 years.

Population pharmacokinetics of digoxin in elderly patients: A systematic review.

Objective: To resume the available literature about digoxin population pharmacokinetic studies in elderly patients. To identify the  pathophysiological changes in this subpopulation with clinical implications on  digoxin pharmacokinetics.

Method: A systematic review was performed regarding the population pharmacokinetic studies in elderly patients receiving digoxin.