[Type I Chiari malformation associated with cerebellar atrophy. Case report].

Chiari malformation is characterized by caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils that penetrate into the spinal canal through the foramen magnum, achieving reach the atlas or axis. trunk and any drop of the fourth ventricle is observed. Typically is seen in young adults.

[Endovascular treatment of non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistulas].

Introduction And Objectives: Pial arteriovenous fistulas are infrequent vascular malformations. They are generally congenital and their natural history is ominous. The objective of this work is to describe our experience in their endovascular management and to review the existing literature.

[Endovascular management of carotid atherosclerosis. Section II: current therapeutic approaches and limitations].

Carotid endarterectomy has for long been regarded as the gold standard for the management of symptomatic atherosclerosis of the carotid bifurcation, and carotid angioplasty is merely considered a secondary alternative reserved to surgically high-risk patients. However, several studies have shown that the efficacy of carotid angioplasty has equaled that of carotid endarerectomy and additionally provides unshared advantages: local anesthesia is sufficient, the whole extracranial and intracranial carotid circulation are amenable to treatment and wound-related complications are not seen. Besides a thorough review of the main published studies comparing both techniques, we provide updated criteria for the endovascular management of carotid artery disease, discussing their benefits and limitations.

[Endovascular management of carotid atherosclerosis. Section I: basic considerations and diagnostic elements].

Carotid atherosclerosis accounts for about 25 % of all ischemic cerebrovascular events. A thorough knowledge of the pathophysiology of the plaque and its clinical consequences are fundamental elements for a well-balanced approach of the management of the disease. The evolution of the imaging techniques allow to visualize the plaque and the analysis of its structure and characteristics.