Height SDS Changes (ΔhSDS) in Healthy Children from Birth to 18 Years, with Correction Factors for Measurement Intervals of Less than One Year.

Background: Growth is volatile and non-linear. Assessing the instantaneous speed of growth (momentary height velocity) depends on the precision and the number of measurements and the duration of the observation period. Measurements at short intervals reflect both the non-linearity of growth and the technical error of measurements (TEM).

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Introducción: saber diagnosticar y tratar la obesidad se ha convertido en el mayor reto del siglo XXI, debido al aumento de su prevalencia.Objetivos: determinar los valores de normalidad de perímetro abdominal (PA) e índice de masa corporal (IMC) según edad y sexo en población española sana.Métodos: estudio longitudinal observacional realizado entre 1980 y 2014.

Sitting height/standing height ratio in a Spanish population from birth to adulthood.

Introduction: For the diagnosis of patients with growth disorders, visual inspection and the measurement of body segments may provide important information. The most commonly used method is the assessment of the sitting/standing height (SH/SH) ratio and its comparison to aged matched controls.

Objective: To establish the normal values of the sitting/standing height ratio in a normal Aragonese population from birth to 18 years old.

[Carotid intima-media thickness; normal values from 4 years].

Introduction: The study of the common carotid artery using ultrasound, ever has greater significance for the prevention, treatment and evaluation of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Increased intima-media thickness is associated with the presence of other cardiovascular, cerebrovascular disease and the development of atherosclerosis in both adults and pediatric populations.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study in 202 healthy children aged between 4 and 15 years.

Metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction in a population born small for gestational age relationship to growth and Gh therapy.

Unlabelled: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) and a rapid increase in weight during early childhood and infancy have been strongly linked to metabolic syndrome. A transversal study was conducted on 167 pre-pubertal and 102 pubertal subjects; auxological parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, laboratory data, and carotid-wall thickness (CA-IMT) were measured.

Results: Patients born SGA with spontaneous catch-up growth have higher values of BMI, blood pressure, HOMA index, and CA-IMT than those treated with GH and the appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) group.

Neurocognitive development of children born small for gestational age (SGA). An update.

The aim of the present study is to confirm that being born SGA is a serious risk for a negative neurocognitive development. 233 cases have been controlled yearly and longitudinally by the same investigator, some of them 11 times, showing 25,8 % an IQ less than 2 SD, being less affected the catch-up + group (15 %), compared to the catch-up - group (31,4 %). The GH therapy (n 64) started before the age of 6 (n 38) or after 6 (n 26), doesn't improve the negative outcome.

Familial short stature and intrauterine growth retardation associated with a novel mutation in the IGF-I receptor (IGF1R) gene.

Context: IGF-I is essential for normal human growth and mediates its effects through the IGF1R. IGF1R mutations have been associated with varying degrees of intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation.

Objective: To identify IGF1R gene mutations in a short-statured family with intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly.

High prevalence of AIP gene mutations following focused screening in young patients with sporadic pituitary macroadenomas.

Background: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) mutations (AIPmut) cause aggressive pituitary adenomas in young patients, usually in the setting of familial isolated pituitary adenomas. The prevalence of AIPmut among sporadic pituitary adenoma patients appears to be low; studies have not addressed prevalence in the most clinically relevant population. Hence, we undertook an international, multicenter, prospective genetic, and clinical analysis at 21 tertiary referral endocrine departments.

Clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses in patients with germ-line AIP mutations and pituitary adenomas: an international collaborative study.

Context: AIP mutations (AIPmut) give rise to a pituitary adenoma predisposition that occurs in familial isolated pituitary adenomas and less often in sporadic cases. The clinical and therapeutic features of AIPmut-associated pituitary adenomas have not been studied comprehensively.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess clinical/therapeutic characteristics of AIPmut pituitary adenomas.

Psychomotor and intellectual development (Neurocognitive Function) of children born small for gestational age (SGA). Transversal and longitudinal study.

Although much is now known about the effects of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on children born SGA with regard to anthropometric and biochemical parameters and their treatment, there are still many gaps associated with its impact on neurocognitive functions. In our experience published several years ago, IUGR has a negative effect on neurocognitive development, regardless of whether these children showed evidence of catch-up growth or not or of the socio-economic conditions that might contribute to the situation. We have now accumulated a large number of cases, many of whom have been followed longitudinally, some for up to 7 years, many having been treated with GH from the time when this therapy was first approved by the EMA.

Growth and growth hormone treatment in short stature children born small for gestational age.

Persistent short stature is one of the most frequent complications of being born small for gestational age (SGA) as almost 15% of such children have a low adult height. Additionally, individuals born SGA may have low lean body mass and increased central adiposity which put them at risk of long-term morbidity related to insulin resistance and metabolic disease. Onset of puberty appears at a normal age but comes relatively early for their actual height.

Study of apoptosis and related proteins, CRH and hpGH in placentas of newborns small for gestational age (SGA).

Unlabelled: The aim of this study is to quantify the expression of apoptotic genes and genes related to the development and growth in placentas of pregnancies with IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) and normal placentas. We studied the expression of Bcl-2, Caspase3, hpGH (human placental growth hormone) and CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) genes in normal and IUGR placentas. In addition we have demonstrated this expression by immunohistochemical techniques.

Children born small for gestational age: multidisciplinary approach.

The definition of a newborn SGA changes depending on which parameter is taken as reference. For the neonatologists who are the first to take care of these newborns the most used parameter in the past has been the weight that should be below the 10 centile for the reference standards. In the last years paediatric endocrinologists are more and more interested in the length of these newborns, a parameter more accurate to growth.

Growth hormone does not alter CYP2A6 activity in growth hormone-deficient children.

A large number of metabolic alterations are increasingly being treated with growth hormone. Despite the fact that growth hormone is known to be the main regulator of several hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rodents, few studies deal with the effect of growth hormone on hepatic enzyme activities in human beings. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of growth hormone replacement therapy for 4 weeks on CYP2A6 activity in children, because changes in this enzyme activity may have important therapeutic and toxic consequences.

Major determinants of height development in Turner syndrome (TS) patients treated with GH: analysis of 987 patients from KIGS.

Little is known about factors determining height outcome during GH treatment in Turner syndrome (TS). We investigated 987 TS children within the Kabi International Growth Study (KIGS) who had reached near adult height (NAH) after >4 y GH treatment (including >1 y before puberty). Through multiple regression analysis we developed a model for NAH and total gain.

Lack of effect of growth hormone replacement therapy on CYP1A2 and xanthine oxidase activities in growth hormone-deficient children.

Background And Objectives: The recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is being increasingly used for a number of metabolic alterations. GH is the main regulator of several hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rodents. In addition, GH could play a major role in defining the interface between pharmacogenetics and development.

Effects of growth hormone deficiency and rhGH replacement therapy on the 6beta-hydroxycortisol/free cortisol ratio, a marker of CYP3A activity, in growth hormone-deficient children.

Objective: To determine the effect of both growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and rhGH replacement therapy on CYP3A activity as well as the potential influence of gender.

Methods: The sample consisted of 35 GHD children (16 males and 19 females), aged 2.9-13.