Availability of Therapies and Services for Parkinson's Disease in Africa: A Continent-Wide Survey.

Background: The growing burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Africa necessitates the identification of available therapies and services to improve patient care.

Objective: To investigate the availability, affordability, frequency of usage, and insurance coverage of PD therapies (pharmacological, surgical, physical, and speech therapies) and services including specialized clinics, specialists, and nurses across Africa.

Methods: A comprehensive web-based survey was constructed and distributed to neurologists/physicians with a special interest in PD across Africa.

Symptomatic Moyamoya disease: clinical features and outcome after indirect bypass surgery in four French adults.

Background: There are a few reports of moyamoya disease (MMD) in the European Caucasian adult population. We present the clinical manifestations, the neuroradiological aspects, the treatment, and the outcome after surgical revascularization of four French patients with MMD.

Patients And Methods: We identified four adults (age >18 years; three women and one man) with MMD who underwent digital subtraction catheter angiography at our institution from 1997 through 2006.