Quantification and correlation of amyloid-β plaque load, glial activation, GABAergic interneuron numbers, and cognitive decline in the young TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are essential tools for investigating disease pathophysiology and conducting preclinical drug testing. In this study, we examined neuronal and glial alterations in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of young TgF344-AD rats and correlated these changes with cognitive decline and amyloid-β plaque load.

Methods: We compared TgF344-AD and non-transgenic littermate rats aged 7-8 months of age.

Homologous amacrine to amacrine gap junction coupling serves communication between neighbour OFF alpha retinal ganglion cells.

Multiplexed visual coding by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) has gained much support. Mouse transient OFF alpha RGCs (tOFFα RGCs) are excellent subjects to study this issue as they form direct RGC-RGC gap junctions (GJs) that serve spike synchronization, population coding and likely information multiplexing. In addition, tOFFα RGCs maintain GJs with a population of wide-field amacrine cells (ACs) that have been suspected to mediate an additional, loose medium-scale correlation of tOFFα RGC spikes.

Novel multitarget analgesic candidate SZV-1287 demonstrates potential disease-modifying effects in the monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis mouse model.

Introduction: Monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) is the most commonly used rodent model for testing anti-OA drug candidates. Herein, we investigated the effects of our patented multitarget drug candidate SZV-1287 (3-(4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl) propanal oxime) that is currently under clinical development for neuropathic pain and characterized the mouse model through complex functional, imaging, and morphological techniques.

Methods: Knee OA was induced by intraarticular MIA injection (0.

Gap junctions fine-tune ganglion cell signals to equalize response kinetics within a given electrically coupled array.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) summate inputs and forward a spike train code to the brain in the form of either maintained spiking (sustained) or a quickly decaying brief spike burst (transient). We report diverse response transience values across the RGC population and, contrary to the conventional transient/sustained scheme, responses with intermediary characteristics are the most abundant. Pharmacological tests showed that besides GABAergic inhibition, gap junction (GJ)-mediated excitation also plays a pivotal role in shaping response transience and thus visual coding.

Experimental Arthritis Inhibits Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice.

Adult-born neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus play a role in specific forms of learning, and disturbed neurogenesis seems to contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depression. Neuroinflammation inhibits adult neurogenesis, but the effect of peripheral inflammation on this form of neuroplasticity is ambiguous. : Our aim was to investigate the influence of acute and chronic experimental arthritis on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and to elucidate putative regulatory mechanisms.