The oral cavity and intestinal microbiome in children with functional constipation.

Constipation is a widespread problem in paediatric practice, affecting almost 30% of children. One of the key causal factors of constipation may be disturbances in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal microbiome. The aim of the study was to determine whether the oral and fecal microbiomes differ between children with and without constipation.

Clinical relevance of cluster analysis in phenotyping allergic rhinitis in the paediatric population of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeship, Poland.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common allergic disease in the world, and additionally, its prevalence is successively increasing. Children with AR constitute a heterogeneous group of patients differing both in the course of AR and in the frequency of asthma coexistence. It is possible to identify children with AR at risk of a more severe course of the disease by analysing the potential family, environmental and clinical factors related to the development of the disease; the findings will help identify patients with a higher risk of developing asthma in the future, and who will benefit the most from early allergen-specific immunotherapy.

The relationship between lipid parameters and the course of allergic rhinitis in children.

Introduction: A possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) is hypercholesterolemia, which may shift the balance between Th1- and Th2-dependent immune responses towards the latter.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of lipid metabolism abnormalities in children with AR and their influence on the clinical course of AR.

Material And Methods: The study sample comprised 80 children (7-17 y.

Development of peanut, sesame and tree nut allergy in Polish children at high risk of food allergy: a protocol for a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Peanut allergies cause serious health problems worldwide. A strong finding has shown that the early introduction of peanuts into the diet of infants at high risk of food allergy reduces the prevalence of peanut allergy. Allergies to peanuts, sesame and tree nuts have been shown to coexist in 60% of cases and vary according to geographical location and dietary habits.

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Circulating Immune Cells in Children with Infection-Correlation with Clinical Factors.

gastritis is strongly associated with the upregulation of the expression of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the gastric mucosa. However, the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases -TIMPs) produced by immune cells in infected children have not been clearly defined. Moreover, the effects of eradication therapy on MMPs and TIMPs production has not been evaluated.

Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia as a Rare and Potentially Serious Complication of Crohn's Disease in a 11-Year-Old Child-Case Report and Minireview.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the term given to a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). These include ulcerative colitis (UC), where the inflammatory process involves only the intestinal mucosa, and Crohn's disease (CD), where it can involve the entire wall of the GI in all of its sections. In addition to typical gastrointestinal complaints, IBD manifests with a range of extraintestinal symptoms involving inter alia the eyes, joints, skin, liver and biliary tract.

The methylation profile of , , , and associated with environmental exposures differed between Polish infants with the food allergy and/or atopic dermatitis and without the disease.

Objectives: Epigenetic dynamics has been indicated to play a role in allergy development. The environmental stimuli have been shown to influence the methylation processes. This study investigated the differences in CpGs methylation rate of immune-attached genes between healthy and allergic infants.

Introduction of Complementary Foods and the Risk of Sensitization and Allergy in Children up to Three Years of Age.

Background: Allergy is known to be influenced by both diet and the immune system. In addition, the time of first exposure to food allergens and their type appear to play a particularly important role in the development of allergies.

Aim: To determine the influence of the time of exposure, and the type, degree of processing, and frequency of supply of complementary foods and the development of sensitization and allergies in children up to three years of age.

Diet Diversity During Infancy and the Prevalence of Sensitization and Allergy in Children up to 3 Years of Age in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, Poland.

The study examines the influence of a diversified diet, changes in the consistency of introduced foods, and the method of meal preparation during infancy on the development of sensitization and/or allergy in toddlers. Introducing more product groups into the diet reduced the risk of allergy at 6 months of age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.

Fever as the Only First Sign of Crohn's Disease-Difficulties in Diagnosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We present a case of a nine-year-old girl with Crohn's disease whose only first manifestation was fever. The patient was treated with antibiotics for six weeks by her general practitioner via teleconsultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no significant improvement was observed.

A Severe Systemic Infection in a 14-Year-Old Boy That Took Place during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a global talking point. Access to health care has become more difficult, and such an obstacle increase the risk of inadequate medical care, especially among paediatric patients.

Case: This report describes the case of a previously healthy teenager who was staying home for 2 months due to a strict lockdown period in the COVID-19 pandemic and was admitted to hospital for fever, nausea and lumbar pain.

Formulations of Topical Steroids in Eosinophilic Esophagitis-Current Treatment and Emerging Possibilities.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder characterised by eosinophilic inflammation and esophageal dysfunction symptoms. The recommended first-line treatment options are proton pump inhibitors and swallowed topical steroids (STS). However, current recommendations regarding STS are based on relatively few studies employing various doses and formulations.

Difficulties in interpretation of oral food challenge results.

Oral food challenge is the gold standard in diagnosing food allergies; however, many testing protocols are available. The present article illustrates the difficulties associated with interpreting oral challenge tests with the example of a six-year-old boy with allergy to hen's eggs. The symptoms observed on the first day of challenge indicated a negative result; however, the consumption of the cumulative dose resulted in anaphylaxis.

Mother's Milk Microbiome Shaping Fecal and Skin Microbiota in Infants with Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Analysis.

The child microbiome, including gut and skin communities, is shaped by a multitude of factors, and breastfeeding is one of the most essential. Food allergy (FA) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are among the most common diseases in pediatrics, with the prevalence of each up to 6% and 20%, respectively. Therefore, we aimed at finding differences between the fecal and skin microbiomes of FA and AD patients in the context of breastfeeding, by means of the Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragment libraries amplified from the total DNA isolated from samples collected from allergic and healthy infants.

Anaphylaxis after consumption of pumpkin seeds in a 2-y-old child tolerant to its pulp: A case study.

Objectives: Pumpkin and its seeds are increasingly consumed by children for their potential health benefits. Each day, approximately 30% of teenagers consume nuts and seeds, including pumpkin seeds. However, there is some evidence that pumpkin seeds may exert allergenic effects and induce severe life-threatening anaphylaxis.

A Combined Analysis of Gut and Skin Microbiota in Infants with Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study.

The gut microbiota in patients with food allergy, and the skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis patients differ from those of healthy people. We hypothesize that relationships may exist between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies, hence simultaneous analysis of the two compartments of microbiota was performed in infants with and without allergic symptoms.

Food-induced anaphylaxis in children up to 3-years-old preliminary study.

Introduction And Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of food-induced anaphylaxis, analyze the symptoms, and triggering factors in a group of youngest children. Also, the study aims to estimate the frequency of anaphylaxis episodes in children in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship region.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 29 children aged 0-3 years that presented symptoms of food-induced anaphylaxis.

The importance of component-resolved diagnostics in IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy.

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is an increasingly common problem among children and adults that requires the use of appropriate diagnostics to eliminate allergic reactions and prevent unnecessary dietary regimes. The current diagnostics methods are imperfect hence new, more effective methods are still being sought. Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) is one of them.

The significance of the gut microbiome in children with functional constipation.

Constipation is a widespread problem in pediatric practice, affecting almost 30% of pediatric population. As much as 90-95% of constipation cases have a functional basis, and although the pathogenesis of functional constipation remains unclear, its etiology is considered to be multifactorial. Its growing prevalence has been attributed to the occurrence of disorders in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal microbiota.

The Consequence of Excessive Consumption of Cow's Milk: Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Anasarca in the Course of Iron Deficiency Anemia-Case Reports and a Literature Review.

Cow's milk is a key component of a child's diet. While the consumption of even trace amounts can result in allergy to its proteins and/or hypolactasia, excessive cow's milk consumption can result in numerous health complications, including iron deficiency, due to the diet being improperly balanced. Although the incidence of iron deficiency has declined, it remains the most widespread nutritional deficiency globally and the most common cause of anemia.

Management with wrap disruption after Nissen fundoplication in a child with gastro-oesophageal reflux after congenital oesophageal atresia: A case report and minireview.

Pathological gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) is one of the most common complications that results in the aftermath of treatment of congenital oesophageal atresia (EA). The aim of this study is to present a case of a 7-year-old girl with severe gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) operated on in the neonatal period due to EA with a lower tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TEF). The patient, despite the use of adequate conservative treatment, clinically and in the endoscopic examination was diagnosed with severe oesophagitis (LA-D in the Los Angeles classification).

Dress syndrome in 7-year-old male child - case report.

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction, which, due to the asymptomatic beginning and non-specific nature of symptoms, is hard to identify. This report presents the case of a 7-year-old boy, who was referred to the Department of Paediatric Surgery with fever up to 38°C, vomiting and diarrhoea, accompanied by erythematous, maculopapular rash. Based on laboratory and radiology tests and specific diagnostic criteria, DRESS syndrome was diagnosed.

The microbiome and its impact on food allergy and atopic dermatitis in children.

Food allergy (FA) affects 4-10% of children, especially children with atopic dermatitis (AD). During infancy the gut microbiome may determine both the course of FA and tolerance to food allergens. Analogically, the skin microbiome changes in the course of AD.

Usefulness of Testing for Fecal Calprotectin in Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinical Practice.

Gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, and fever are common reasons for which parents take children to the pediatrician. An increasing prevalence of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and a decrease in the median age of their onset indicate the need to search for new diagnostic methods for differentiating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) from other gastrointestinal tract diseases. An example of a novel biomarker is fecal calprotectin (FC), which is considered a noninvasive and useful marker of intestinal inflammation.