Food IgG4 antibodies are elevated not only in children with wheat allergy but also in children with gastrointestinal diseases.

Background: Food sIgG and sIgG4 are highly individually versatile. We put a hypothesis that one of the responsible factors is the presence of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. The objectives were: 1.

Serum leptin concentrations in children with mild and moderate malnutrition.

Introduction: Numerous studies have reported a strong relationship between plasma leptin concentration and percentage of body fat, fat mass, and body mass index (BMI) in obese and non-obese children. The objective of the present study was to assess the usefulness of serum leptin concentration in disclosing prepubertal malnutrition.

Material And Method: Leptin concentrations in serum were determined and anthropometric parameters were measured in 149 children (3-6 and 7-10 years old).

[Correlation between serum homocysteine levels and selected atherosclerosis risk factors in children and adolescents with simple obesity].

Homocysteine is known as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was assessment of serum homocysteine concentrations in obese children and evaluation of possible relationship between homocysteine and risk factors of atherosclerosis. 498 children with simple obesity were included into our study.

Low-grade systemic inflammation and the risk of type 2 diabetes in obese children and adolescents.

Background: There is growing evidence that low-grade systemic inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum inflammatory markers and selected parameters known as risk factors of type 2 diabetes in obese children and adolescents.

Subjects And Methods: Fasting levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FB) interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), glucose, insulin, total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, white blood cell count (WBC) and fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR) were measured in 281 obese children and adolescents.

Relation of low-grade inflammation and endothelial activation to blood pressure in obese children and adolescents.

Objective: To determine the role of low-grade, systemic inflammation and endothelial activation in the modulation of blood pressure (BP) independently of other traditional risk factors in obese children and adolescents.

Design: We surveyed 281 obese subjects, aged 6-18 years to investigate the relationship of serum inflammation and endothelial activation markers and blood pressure.

Measurements: Clinical variables, indices of obesity, ambulatory 24-h blood pressure and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), glucose and insulin.

Reversal of the sex difference in plasma leptin levels in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance.

Introduction: Basal leptin level has been demonstrated to correlate positively with many indices of obesity, as well as insulin resistance. However, to date, little is known about regulation of leptin in obese children with incipient glucose metabolic disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to define the precise influence of the glucose tolerance status on plasma leptin in obese boys and girls separately.

Reversal of the sex difference in plasma leptin levels in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance.

Introduction: Basal leptin level has been demonstrated to correlate positively with many indices of obesity, as well as insulin resistance. However, to date, little is known about regulation of leptin in obese children with incipient glucose metabolic disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to define the precise influence of the glucose tolerance status on plasma leptin in obese boys and girls separately.

Relation of acute-phase reaction and endothelial activation to insulin resistance and adiposity in obese children and adolescents.

Objectives: There is increasing evidence that an ongoing cytokine-induced acute-phase response is closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and associated complications such as dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of inflammation and endothelial activation with insulin resistance in childhood obesity.

Methods: Two hundred and eleven (122 boys) obese children and adolescents were examined.

Serum markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in children with obesity-related hypertension.

Objectives: It has been suggested that a rise in blood pressure (BP) causes low-grade inflammation of the endothelium which, in turn, may be responsible for further damage of endothelium and worsening of BP control. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum levels of inflammation and endothelial activation markers in children with obesity-related hypertension and normotensive controls in relation to other traditional risk factors of arterial hypertension.

Methods: Plasma insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FB) interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and lipids levels were determined in 50 children with obesity-related hypertension and 143 obese children with normal BP.

[Immaturity or hypotrophy? The cord blood leptin levels in preterm and small-for-gestational age neonates].

Objectives: To assess cord blood leptin levels in preterm and small-for-gestational age neonates and determine whether fetal leptin levels correlate with selected clinical parameters associated with prematurity and undernutrition at birth.

Design: Study of preterm newborns (p-AGA; n = 31) and small-for-gestational age (t-SGA; n = 23) cases in a population of neonates born in Szczecin between September 2001 and June 2002.

Methods: Fetal cord blood was sampled after delivery.