TRIM9 Controls Growth Cone Responses to Netrin Through DCC and UNC5C.

The guidance cue netrin-1 promotes both growth cone attraction and growth cone repulsion. How netrin-1 elicits diverse axonal responses, beyond engaging the netrin receptor DCC and UNC5 family members, remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that murine netrin-1 induces biphasic axonal responses in cortical neurons: Attraction at lower concentrations and repulsion at higher concentrations using both a microfluidic-based netrin-1 gradient and bath application of netrin-1.

Determinants of waterpipe smoking in Iranian adults: results from the IROPICAN study.

Introduction: Waterpipe smoking has become increasingly popular in Western countries, particularly among young individuals. This study aims to identify the factors influencing waterpipe smoking by focusing on consumption patterns.

Methods: We utilized data from a multicenter case-control study (IROPICAN) conducted in Iran.

Atorvastatin's Reduction of Alzheimer's Disease and Possible Alteration of Cognitive Function in Midlife as well as its Treatment.

Over the past 20 years, advances in the field of pathogenesis have inspired researchers to look into novel pharmacological therapeutics that are more focused on the pathophysiological events of the disease (AD). This review article discussed the prior use of statins for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease, which can help prevent the disease. Other drugs, such as memantine and donepezil, are available, but they cannot prevent the onset of AD in middle age.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Trends in Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the US.

This cohort study examines the association of human papillomvirus vaccination with cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in the US, comparing age groups understood to have differing levels of vaccination.

Novel Insights into YB-1 Signaling and Cell Death Decisions.

YB-1 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved cold-shock domain protein family of RNA binding proteins. YB-1 is a well-known transcriptional and translational regulator, involved in cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, RNA splicing, and stress responses. Cell stress occurs in many forms, e.

YB-1 Is Altered in Pregnancy-Associated Disorders and Affects Trophoblast in Vitro Properties via Alternation of Multiple Molecular Traits.

Cold shock Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) coordinates several molecular processes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and plays a crucial role in cell function. Moreover, it is involved in cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis. As trophoblast cells share similar characteristics with cancer cells, we hypothesized that YB-1 might also be necessary for trophoblast functionality.

YB-1 Interferes with TNFα-TNFR Binding and Modulates Progranulin-Mediated Inhibition of TNFα Signaling.

Inflammation and an influx of macrophages are common elements in many diseases. Among pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays a central role by amplifying the cytokine network. Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor that binds to TNF receptors and interferes with TNFα-mediated signaling.

YB-1 Mediates TNF-Induced Pro-Survival Signaling by Regulating NF-κB Activation.

Cell fate decisions regulating survival and death are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis; dysregulation thereof can lead to tumor development. In some cases, survival and death are triggered by the same receptor, e.g.

Involvement of topoisomerase mutations and qnr and aac(6')Ib-cr genes in conferring quinolone resistance to clinical isolates of Vibrio and Shigella spp. from Kolkata, India (1998-2009).

Objectives: Quinolone antibiotics have been widely used to treat diarrhoeal diseases caused by bacterial agents such as those belonging to the genera Vibrio and Shigella. As these pathogens are accumulating quinolone resistance, treating infections caused by them has become complicated.

Methods: In this study, Vibrio and Shigella spp.

Clinical evolution of seizures: distribution across time of day and sleep/wakefulness cycle.

Seizures can evolve sequentially into different clinical phases. For example, a seizure may start as an aura (first phase), then evolve into a tonic seizure (second phase), and evolve further into a generalized tonic-clonic semiology (third phase). It is currently unknown whether specific seizure evolutions cluster at particular times of the day and/or during sleep/wakefulness.

Circadian patterns of generalized tonic-clonic evolutions in pediatric epilepsy patients.

Objective: To investigate the sleep/wake, day/night, and 24-h periodicity of pediatric evolution to generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTC).

Methods: Charts of 407 consecutive patients aged 0-21 years undergoing continuous video-EEG monitoring for epilepsy were reviewed for the presence of GTC evolution. Seizures were characterized according to 2001 ILAE terminology.

Diurnal and sleep/wake patterns of epileptic spasms in different age groups.

Purpose: Epileptic spasms are seizures that occur predominantly in children and are characterized by clusters of brief axial movements. Epileptic spasms may occur in the context of a variety of syndromes. Previous research has found that epileptic spasms occur in a sleep/wake and diurnal rhythm.