The risk of infant and fetal death by each additional week of expectant management in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy by gestational age.

Objective: The objective of the study was to characterize the risk of infant and fetal death by each additional week of expectant management vs immediate delivery in pregnancies complicated by cholestasis.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of 1,604,386 singleton, nonanomalous pregnancies of women between 34 and 40 weeks' gestation with and without intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in the state of California during the years of 2005-2008. International Classification of Diseases, 9th version, codes and linked hospital discharge and vital statistics data were utilized.

Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or esophageal varices.

Objective: To evaluate pregnancy outcomes in women with liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or esophageal varices.

Study Design: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 2,284,218 pregnancies in 2005-2009 recorded in the California Birth Registry database. Utilizing ICD-9 codes we analyzed the following outcomes for liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or esophageal varices in pregnancy: preeclampsia (PET), preterm delivery (PTD; <37 weeks), cesarean section, low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g), small for gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile), neonatal death (NND), and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).