Ex Vivo Drug Screening: An Emerging Paradigm in the Treatment of Childhood Cancer.

Developing and providing the right therapy for the right patient (or personalized targeted treatments) is key to reducing side-effects and improving survival in childhood cancers. Most efforts aiming to personalize childhood cancer treatment use genomic analysis of malignancies to identify potentially targetable genetic events. But it is becoming clear that not all patients will have an actionable change, and in those that do there is no additional way to determine if treatments will be effective.

Obesity with developmental delay in infancy: a rare cause not to miss-pseudohypoparathyroidism.

Mild developmental delay in infants with obesity is often disregarded, attributing it to increased weight by parents and practitioners. We report an infant with obesity and gross motor delay after the first 6 months of age, seizures and obstructive sleep apnoea. The child was diagnosed with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and was medically managed with parenteral calcium, vitamin D and magnesium.

Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome with a novel variant in the LIFR gene: A case report.

Rationale: Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome (SWS) is a rare, severe autosomal recessive disorder (#OMIM 601559) caused by pathogenic variants in the LIFR gene. It is characterized by skeletal dysplasia and dysautonomia and carries a high mortality rate in infancy, which decreases significantly after the age of 2. Detailed case descriptions enhance understanding of this rare condition.

MESS to live with schizophrenic parental history: A systematic review of developmental checkpoints.

Parental history of schizophrenia, a complex and multifaceted psychological disorder, is recognized as a well-established risk factor in the development of the disorder among offspring. However, the developmental patterns of such children and adolescents before the onset of the problem have not yet been systematically documented. We present a comprehensive account of developmental checkpoints essential for preventing it from occurring.

RIPK3 and caspase-8 interpret cytokine signals to regulate ILC3 survival in the gut.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are abundant in the developing or healthy intestine to critically support tissue homeostasis in response to microbial colonization. However, intestinal ILC3s are reduced during chronic infections, colorectal cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the mechanisms driving these alterations remain poorly understood. Here we employed RNA sequencing of ILC3s from IBD patients and observed a significant upregulation of RIPK3, the central regulator of necroptosis, during intestinal inflammation.

CTLA-4-expressing ILC3s restrain interleukin-23-mediated inflammation.

Interleukin (IL-)23 is a major mediator and therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory diseases that also elicits tissue protection in the intestine at homeostasis or following acute infection. However, the mechanisms that shape these beneficial versus pathological outcomes remain poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on all IL-23 receptor-expressing cells in the intestine and their acute response to IL-23, revealing a dominance of T cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s).

Assessment of risk factors associated with surgical site infection following abdominal surgery: a systematic review.

Objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections occurring following 1%-3% of all surgical procedures. Their rates are the highest following abdominal surgery. They are still associated with increased morbidity and healthcare costs despite the advancement in the medical field.

Antigen-presenting innate lymphoid cells orchestrate neuroinflammation.

Pro-inflammatory T cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are causally associated with multiple demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases, but the pathways that control these responses remain unclear. Here we define a population of inflammatory group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that infiltrate the CNS in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. These ILC3s are derived from the circulation, localize in proximity to infiltrating T cells in the CNS, function as antigen-presenting cells that restimulate myelin-specific T cells, and are increased in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Beta galactosidase mediated bio-enzymatically synthesized nano-gold with aggrandized cytotoxic potential against pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells.

The current investigation reports bactericidal and cytotoxicity evaluation of bio-enzymatically formulated nano‑gold (AuNPs) using physiologically significant enzyme β galactosidase. The AuNPs were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The anti-pathogenic efficacy of AuNPs as a potential drug was observed against five contagious bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, group B Streptococcus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonia.

Accessibility of O Antigens Shared between Serovars Determines Antibody-Mediated Cross-Protection.

Pathogenic serovars produce clinical manifestations ranging from systemic infection typhoid to invasive nontyphoidal disease in humans. These serovars share a high degree of homology at the genome and the proteome level. However, whether infection or immunization with one serovar provides protection against other serovars has not been well studied.

Modulation of immune response and enhanced clearance of Salmonella typhi by delivery of Vi polysaccharide conjugate using PLA nanoparticles.

Polysaccharide antigens do not promote antibody class switching and memory antibody response, thus require conjugation with a T cell dependent carrier protein to generate protective immune response. The intensity of immune responses varies with the carrier proteins for the same carbohydrate antigen and most of the carrier proteins do not generate strong immune responses. Vi polysaccharide and r-flagellin of Salmonella typhi were conjugated and formulated in PLA particles as nanoglycoconjugate which not only generated strong immune response but also promoted antibody class switching and elicited memory antibody response from single point immunization.

Clonidine: An Adjuvant to Adrenaline in Local Anesthesia for Third Molar Surgery.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of anesthesia and hemodynamic parameters of clonidine and epinephrine in lignocaine for lower third molar surgery.

Materials And Methods: Thirty healthy controls with impacted mandibular third molar were randomly selected from both sexes between the age group of 20-47 years. Patients were divided equally into two groups: Group I (Adrenaline group) and Group II (Clonidine group).

Zinc oxide-decorated polypyrrole/chitosan bionanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic, antibacterial and anticancer performance.

A bio-nanocomposite matrix of polypyrrole grafted ZnO/chitosan (Ppy/C/Z) was synthesized the polymerization of pyrrole with different weight fractions of ZnO. Incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles with polypyrrole enhances the photocatalytic, antibacterial as well as cytotoxic properties of the resultant composite. Characterizations of the synthesized product were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analysis (TGA and DTA).

Chaperone Like Attributes of Biogenic Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticles: Potential to Alleviate Toxicity Induced by Intermediate State Fibrils Against Neuroblastoma Cells.

In general, neurodegenerative disorders have a great deal of correlation with the misfolded as well as aggregated forms of protein-based macromolecules. Among various species formed during the aggregation process, protein oligomers have been classified as most toxic entities against several types of living cells. A series of chemicals have been developed to inhibit protein aggregation as a measure to regulate neurodegenerative diseases.

Bio-mediated synthesis of 5-FU based nanoparticles employing orange fruit juice: a novel drug delivery system to treat skin fibrosarcoma in model animals.

Nano-sized drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been widely exploited to achieve targeted delivery of pharmaco-materials. Traditional pharmaceutical approaches, implied in the synthesis of nano-formulations, are obscure owing to the incompatible physico-chemical properties of the core drug as well as some other factors crucial in development of NDDS. Infact, most of the existing methods used in development of NDDS rely on usage of additives or excipients, a special class of chemicals.

Undec-10-enoic acid functionalized chitosan based novel nano-conjugate: An enhanced anti-bacterial/biofilm and anti-cancer potential.

Fatty acid functionalized chitosan conjugates are of great interest in cancer therapeutics because of its internalization through receptor mediated endocytosis into the cancer cells. Keeping the above fact into consideration, herein we synthesized the undec-10-enoic acid functionalized chitosan based undecyl-chitosan (U-CS) nano-bioconjugate with the use of DCC as a coupling agent. The U-CS conjugate synthesized was confirmed and characterized by FTIR, H NMR, TGA, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis.

Relation of erythrocyte indices and serum iron level with clinical and histological progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Central India.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the relation of erythrocyte indices and serum iron level with clinical and histopathological progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: Eighty newly diagnosed OSCC patients recruited for the study were divided according to tumor size int three groups. Erythrocyte indices (e.

Analgesic efficacy of tramadol and butorphanol in mandibular third molar surgery: a comparative study.

Background: Butorphanol tartrate, a mixed synthetic agonistantagonist opioid analgesic has been used for management of postoperative pain in minor and major surgical procedures.(14,20) Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting opioid which is effectively used in postoperative pain in various minor and major surgeries.

Materials And Methods: Twenty subjects selected randomly received butorphanol tartrate 1 mg intramuscular and 20 subjects received tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg intramuscular after the removal of mandibular third molars.