External Human-Machine Interfaces Can Be Misleading: An Examination of Trust Development and Misuse in a CAVE-Based Pedestrian Simulation Environment.

Objective: To investigate pedestrians' misuse of an automated vehicle (AV) equipped with an external human-machine interface (eHMI). Misuse occurs when a pedestrian enters the road because of uncritically following the eHMI's message.

Background: Human factors research indicates that automation misuse is a concern.