Corrected and republished from: "Extracellular Vesicle Formation in Impacts Fungal Virulence".

Small molecules are components of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs), but their biological roles are only superficially known. is a eukaryotic gene that is required for the activity of benzimidazoles against . In this study, during the phenotypic characterization of mutants expected to lack expression, we observed a reduced EV production.

Extracellular Vesicle Formation in Cryptococcus deuterogattii Impacts Fungal Virulence and Requires the Gene.

Small molecules are components of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs), but their biological roles are only superficially known. is a eukaryotic gene that is required for the activity of benzimidazoles against Cryptococcus deuterogattii. In this study, during the phenotypic characterization of mutants lacking expression, we observed that this gene was required for EV production.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals that mTOR pathway can be modulated in macrophage cells by the presence of cryptococcal cells.

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the etiological agents of cryptococcosis, a high mortality disease. The development of such disease depends on the interaction of fungal cells with macrophages, in which they can reside and replicate. In order to dissect the molecular mechanisms by which cryptococcal cells modulate the activity of macrophages, a genome-scale comparative analysis of transcriptional changes in macrophages exposed to Cryptococcus spp.

New nanotechnological formulation based on amiodarone-loaded lipid core nanocapsules displays anticryptococcal effect.

Cryptococcus neoformans is the etiological agent of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. The recommended available treatment has low efficiency, with high toxicity and resistance as recurrent problems. In the search of new treatment protocols, the proposal of new pharmacological approaches is considered an innovative strategy, mainly nanotechnological systems considering fungal diseases.

Zrg1, a cryptococcal protein associated with regulation of growth in nutrient deprivation conditions.

Cryptococcus gattii is one of the causes of cryptococcosis, a life-threatening disease generally characterized by pneumonia and/or meningitis. Zinc is an essential element for life, being required for the activity of many proteins with catalytic and structural roles. Here, we characterize ZRG1 (zinc-related gene 1), which codes a product involved in zinc metabolism.

A Plumieridine-Rich Fraction From Inhibits Chitinolytic Activity and Exhibits Antifungal Properties Against .

Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused mainly by the pathogenic yeasts and . The infection initiates with the inhalation of propagules that are then deposited in the lungs. If not properly treated, cryptococci cells can disseminate and reach the central nervous system.

Participation of Zip3, a ZIP domain-containing protein, in stress response and virulence in Cryptococcus gattii.

Cryptococcus gattii is an etiologic agent of cryptococcosis, a potentially fatal disease that affects humans and animals. The successful infection of mammalian hosts by cryptococcal cells relies on their ability to infect and survive in macrophages. Such phagocytic cells present a hostile environment to intracellular pathogens via the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, as well as low pH and reduced nutrient bioavailability.

A Highly Active Triterpene Derivative Capable |of Biofilm Damage to Control spp.

is an encapsulated yeast responsible for more than 180,000 deaths per year. The standard therapeutic approach against cryptococcosis is a combination of amphotericin B with flucytosine. In countries where cryptococcosis is most prevalent, 5-fluorocytosine is rarely available, and amphotericin B requires intravenous administration.

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of Metarhizium anisopliae during tick mimicked infection condition.

Background: The Metarhizium genus harbors important entomopathogenic fungi. These species have been widely explored as biological control agents, and strategies to improve the fungal virulence are under investigation. Thus, the interaction between Metarhizium species and susceptible hosts have been explored employing different methods in order to characterize putative virulence determinants.

A Novel Protocol for the Isolation of Fungal Extracellular Vesicles Reveals the Participation of a Putative Scramblase in Polysaccharide Export and Capsule Construction in .

Regular protocols for the isolation of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) are time-consuming, hard to reproduce, and produce low yields. In an attempt to improve the protocols used for EV isolation, we explored a model of vesicle production after growth of and on solid media. Nanoparticle tracking analysis in combination with transmission electron microscopy revealed that and produced EVs in solid media.

A Predicted Mannoprotein Participates in Capsular Structure.

The yeast-like pathogen is an etiological agent of cryptococcosis. The major cryptococcal virulence factor is the polysaccharide capsule, which is composed of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), galactoxylomannan (GalXM), and mannoproteins (MPs). The GXM and GalXM polysaccharides have been extensively characterized; however, there is little information about the role of mannoproteins in capsule assembly and their participation in yeast pathogenicity.

Modulation of Zinc Homeostasis in as a Possible Antifungal Strategy against .

is a basidiomycetous yeast that can be found in the environment and is one of the agents of cryptococcosis, a life-threatening disease. During its life cycle, cryptococcal cells take hold inside environmental predators such as amoebae. Despite their evolutionary distance, macrophages and amoebae share conserved similar steps of phagocytosis and microbial killing.

Alterations of zinc homeostasis in response to Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine macrophage cell line.

Aim: To evaluate alterations of zinc homeostasis in macrophages exposed to Cryptococcus neoformans. Materials & methods: Using a fluorescent zinc probe-based flow cytometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, zinc levels were evaluated in J774.A1 cell lines exposed to C.

Effects of zinc transporters on Cryptococcus gattii virulence.

Zinc is an essential nutrient for all living organisms because it is a co-factor of several important proteins. Furthermore, zinc may play an essential role in the infectiousness of microorganisms. Previously, we determined that functional zinc metabolism is associated with Cryptococcus gattii virulence.