The Role of a Glucosinolate-Derived Nitrile in Plant Immune Responses.

Glucosinolates are defense-related secondary metabolites found in Brassicaceae. When Brassicaceae come under attack, glucosinolates are hydrolyzed into different forms of glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs). Among the GHPs, isothiocyanates are the most comprehensively characterized defensive compounds, whereas the functional study of nitriles, another group of GHP, is still limited.

PAMP-INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDE 3 modulates immunity in Arabidopsis.

Small post-translationally modified peptides are important signalling components of plant defence responses against phytopathogens, acting as both positive and negative modulators. PAMP-INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDE (PIP) 1 and 2 have been shown to amplify plant immunity. Here we investigate the role of the related peptide PIP3 in the regulation of immune response in Arabidopsis.

The IDA-LIKE peptides IDL6 and IDL7 are negative modulators of stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Small signalling peptides have emerged as important cell to cell messengers in plant development and stress responses. However, only a few of the predicted peptides have been functionally characterized. Here, we present functional characterization of two members of the IDA-LIKE (IDL) peptide family in Arabidopsis thaliana, IDL6 and IDL7.

The IDA/IDA-LIKE and PIP/PIP-LIKE gene families in Arabidopsis: phylogenetic relationship, expression patterns, and transcriptional effect of the PIPL3 peptide.

Peptide ligands play crucial roles in the life cycle of plants by modulating the innate immunity against pathogens and regulating growth and developmental processes. One well-studied example is INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), which controls floral organ abscission and lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis thaliana. IDA belongs to a family of five additional IDA-LIKE (IDL) members that have all been suggested to be involved in regulation of Arabidopsis development.

NEVERSHED and INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION are differentially required for cell expansion and cell separation during floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Floral organ shedding is a cell separation event preceded by cell-wall loosening and generally accompanied by cell expansion. Mutations in NEVERSHED (NEV) or INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) block floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana. NEV encodes an ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein, and cells of nev mutant flowers display membrane-trafficking defects.

Arabidopsis class I KNOTTED-like homeobox proteins act downstream in the IDA-HAE/HSL2 floral abscission signaling pathway.

Floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana is regulated by the putative ligand-receptor system comprising the signaling peptide INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) and the two receptor-like kinases HAESA and HAESA-LIKE2. The IDA signaling pathway presumably activates a MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) cascade to induce separation between abscission zone (AZ) cells. Misexpression of IDA effectuates precocious floral abscission and ectopic cell separation in latent AZ cell regions, which suggests that negative regulators are in place to prevent unrestricted and untimely AZ cell separation.

Plant peptides in signalling: looking for new partners.

A novel candidate ligand-receptor system, INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) and the related receptor-like kinases (RLKs) HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE (HSL)2, has been shown to control floral abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, several IDA-LIKE (IDL) proteins, which contain a conserved C-terminal domain resembling that of the CLAVATA (CLV)3-ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)-RELATED (CLE) protein family, have been shown to be partially redundant with IDA. Here, we use the genetic similarities between the IDA and CLV3 signalling systems to hypothesize that closely related peptide ligands are likely to interact with families of closely related RLKs.