Continued use of scrotal ultrasounds for the workup of undescended testes: Confirmation bias and inaccuracies.

Aim: Scrotal ultrasounds are utilised in some primary care settings for suspected cryptorchidism, despite inaccuracies. We aim to identify the correlation between ultrasound and primary care provider (PCP) findings of undescended testicles (UDTs) as a potential source of confirmation bias.

Methods: Males referred for suspected UDT by PCPs who underwent scrotal ultrasound and paediatric urologist examination from 2014 to 2019 were included.

Persistent Anhydramnios and Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction in a Patient With a Vesicoamniotic Shunt.

Persistent anhydramnios after placement of a vesicoamniotic shunt is a rare but potentially serious concern in a patient in utero. We present the case a male fetus who at 32-week gestation had bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, a distended bladder, and anhydramnios. A vesicoamniotic shunt was placed, but the anhydramnios persisted.

Association between severity of prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis and receipt of surgical intervention postnatally among patients seen at a fetal-maternal center.

Background: Hydronephrosis (HN) is the most common abnormality detected on prenatal ultrasound. This study sought to stratify outcomes of patients by severity of prenatal HN with postnatal outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients referred to a tertiary care fetal-maternal clinic with diagnosis of prenatal HN from 2004 to 2019.

Robotic adrenalectomy in the pediatric population: initial experience case series from a tertiary center.

Background: Laparoscopic resection is the most well described minimally-invasive approach for adrenalectomy. While it allows for improved cosmesis, faster recovery and decreased length of hospital stay compared with the open approach, instrument articulation limitations can hamper surgical dexterity in pediatric patients. Use of robotic assistance can greatly enhance operative field visualization and instrument control, and is in the early stages of adoption in academic centers for pediatric populations.

A noncovalent, fluoroalkyl coating monomer for phosphonate-covered nanoparticles.

Gadolinium-containing phosphonate-coated gold nanoparticles were prepared and then non-covalently coated with an amphiphilic fluorous monomer. The monomer spontaneously self-assembles into a non-covalent monolayer shell around the particle. The binding of the shell utilizes a guanidinium-phosphonate interaction analogous to the one exploited by the Wender molecular transporter system.

10-Shogaol, an antioxidant from Zingiber officinale for skin cell proliferation and migration enhancer.

In this work, one of Zingiber officinale components, 10-shogaol, was tested with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, metal chelating ability, and reducing power to show antioxidant activity. 10-Shogaol promoted human normal epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts cell growths. 10-Shogaol enhanced growth factor production in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet derived growth factor-αβ (PDGF-αβ) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) of both cells.

Early comparison of nephrectomy options in children (open, transperitoneal laparoscopic, laparo-endoscopic single site (LESS), and robotic surgery).

Objective: To compare the perioperative parameters of paediatric patients who underwent nephrectomy via laparo-endoscopic single site (LESS) surgery (also known as single incision laparoscopic surgery or SILS) with those who underwent nephrectomy via conventional laparoscopy (LAP), robotic-assisted laparoscopy (RALN), and open surgery (OPEN).

Patients And Methods: The medical records of 69 paediatric patients at a single institution who underwent nephrectomies for non-functioning kidneys in 72 renal units (39 OPEN, 11 LAP, 11 RALN and 11 LESS) were reviewed for patient demographics and perioperative clinical parameters.

Results: The minimally invasive modalities in children, including LESS nephrectomy, were associated with shorter lengths of hospital stay (P < 0.

Human capital gains associated with robotic assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children compared to open pyeloplasty.

Purpose: Robotic assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty is an emerging, minimally invasive alternative to open pyeloplasty in children for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The procedure is associated with smaller incisions and shorter hospital stays. To our knowledge previous outcome analyses have not included human capital calculations, especially regarding loss of parental workdays.

Calcineurin mediates bladder wall remodeling secondary to partial outlet obstruction.

We hypothesized that the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) pathway is activated following partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO), which would allow for pharmacologic treatment to prevent the ensuing bladder wall hypertrophy. Using a model of pBOO in male mice, we were able to demonstrate increased nuclear importation of the transcription factors NFAT and myocyte enhanching factor 2 both of which are under control of calcineurin in both the whole bladder wall as well as the urothelium. We further confirmed that this pathway was activated using transgenic mice containing an NFAT-luciferase reporter construct.

Laparoendoscopic single-site nephrectomy in pediatric patients: initial clinical series of infants to adolescents.

Objectives: To present our initial clinical series of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) nephrectomy using an umbilical incision in children ranging from infants to adolescents. Laparoscopic surgery in pediatric urology is increasingly being performed for many intra-abdominal ablative procedures, such as nephrectomy for poorly functioning kidneys. We have previously reported our initial experience with LESS surgery in the adult population.

Asynchronous bilateral renal venous thrombosis with subsequent development of cystic kidneys.

Objective: To discuss a case of asynchronous bilateral renal venous thrombosis with a review of current literature.

Case: A premature fraternal twin male was delivered via Cesarean section to a mother with a history of pre-eclampsia. He was initially diagnosed with a left renal venous thrombosis (RVT) but subsequently developed right RVT.

Pediatric robot-assisted laparoscopic excision of urachal cyst and bladder cuff.

Urachal cysts are the most common urachal anomaly in the pediatric population. There is an increasing body of literature documenting successful management of urachal cysts using laparoscopic techniques. There may be an advantage, however, with the use of robot-assisted laparoscopy for reconstructive cases.

Laparoscopic renal denervation and nephropexy for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease related pain in adolescents.

Purpose: We present our initial experience with laparoscopic renal denervation and nephropexy for ADPKD related pain in the adolescent population.

Materials And Methods: Four patients 15 to 19 years old previously diagnosed with ADPKD presented with chronic pain refractory to narcotic analgesics. These 4 patients underwent laparoscopic renal denervation of 5 kidneys.

Urethral foreign body management: a case report.

The management of urethral foreign bodies may require the use of various surgical techniques in a urologist's armamentarium. We report a unique case of a urethral foreign body requiring percutaneous and endoscopic techniques for removal.