Antimicrobial resistance among refugees and asylum seekers: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Refugees and asylum seekers might have an increased risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) carriage or infection due to several factors, with conflict and war known to accelerate the spread of AMR. However, data are scarce on prevalence and risk factors for AMR among refugees and asylum seekers and how they are affected globally; in addition, how their risk compares to that of the host-country population is unclear. We aimed to explore and assess global AMR data among refugees and asylum seekers.

Opportunities to Enhance Diagnostic Testing and Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Qualitative Multinational Survey of Healthcare Professionals.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health challenge. Global efforts to decrease AMR through antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives include education and optimising the use of diagnostic technologies and antibiotics. Despite this, economic and societal challenges hinder AMS efforts.

The role of diagnostic tests in antifungal stewardship for treating invasive fungal infections: a plain language summary.

What Is This Summary About?: This is a summary of an article originally published in the journal . Invasive fungal infections are caused by fungi. They can spread to deeper parts of the body.

The Role of Diagnostics-Driven Antifungal Stewardship in the Management of Invasive Fungal Infections: A Systematic Literature Review.

Antifungal stewardship (AFS) programs are key to optimizing antifungal use and improving outcomes in patients with invasive fungal infections. Our systematic literature review evaluated the impact of diagnostics in AFS programs by assessing performance and clinical measures. Most eligible studies were from Europe and the United States (n = 12/17).

Selecting the dosage of ceftazidime-avibactam in the perfect storm of nosocomial pneumonia.

Purpose: Ceftazidime-avibactam is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination recently approved in Europe and the USA for the treatment of adults with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), among other indications. In the phase III REPROVE trial (NCT01808092), ceftazidime-avibactam demonstrated non-inferiority to meropenem for the treatment of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP), including VAP. As ceftazidime-avibactam was not studied in patients with NP prior to REPROVE, selecting an appropriate dosage regimen in the "perfect storm" of NP required careful consideration of potential determinants and confounders of response specific to the NP patient population.

Clinical relevance of dissolution testing in quality by design.

Quality by design (QbD) has recently been introduced in pharmaceutical product development in a regulatory context and the process of implementing such concepts in the drug approval process is presently on-going. This has the potential to allow for a more flexible regulatory approach based on understanding and optimisation of how design of a product and its manufacturing process may affect product quality. Thus, adding restrictions to manufacturing beyond what can be motivated by clinical quality brings no benefits but only additional costs.