The Magnitude of the Blood Acid-Base Response, but Not Time to Peak, Is Reliable Following the Ingestion of Acute, Individualized Sodium Citrate.

Enhanced buffering capacity following sodium citrate (SC) ingestion may be optimized when subsequent exercise commences at individual time-to-peak (TTP) alkalosis (blood pH or bicarbonate concentration [HCO3-]). While accounting for considerable interindividual variation in TTP (188-300 min), a reliable blood alkalotic response is required for practical use. This study evaluated the reliability of blood pH, HCO3-, and sodium (Na+) following acute SC ingestion.

The Effects of a Novel Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion System on Repeated 4 km Cycling Time Trial Performance in Well-Trained Male Cyclists.

Background: A novel sodium bicarbonate (SB) product has come to market named the "Bicarb System" (M-SB; Maurten AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). It claims to minimise gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort whilst still improving exercise performance.

Aim: To investigate the effects of M-SB ingestion on repeated 4 km cycling time trials (TT1 and TT2) in well-trained male cyclists.

The Effects of a Carbohydrate Hydrogel System for the Delivery of Bicarbonate Mini-Tablets on Acid-Base Buffering and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Resting Well-trained Male Cyclists.

Background: A new commercially available sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplement claims to limit gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort and increase extracellular buffering capacity. To date, no available data exists to substantiate such claims. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure blood acid-base balance and GI discomfort responses following the ingestion of SB using the novel "Bicarb System" (M-SB).

Nutritional Supplement Use in a UK High-Performance Swimming Club.

The aim of this study was to observe the nutritional supplement practices of highly trained swimmers on a national talent pathway, since it is often reported that swimmers engage in widespread supplement use at the elite level. Thus, this study employed a validated supplement intake questionnaire with forty-four swimmers from a high-performance swimming club, which had three distinct talent stages: development (aged 11-14 years, = 20), age-group (aged 13-17 years, = 13), and national level (aged ≥ 16 years, = 11). Ninety-eight percent of the interviewed swimmers reported using at least one supplement, with performance (34%) and recovery (19%) cited as the primary reasons.

Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion in a Fasted State Improves 16.1-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance.

Purpose: The use of sodium bicarbonate (SB) as a preexercise ergogenic aid has been extensively studied in short-duration high-intensity exercise. Very few studies have considered the effects of SB ingestion before prolonged high-intensity exercise. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of a 0.

The effects of enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate supplementation on 2 km rowing performance in female CrossFit® athletes.

Purpose: Sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation can improve exercise performance, but few studies consider how effective it is in female athletes. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of individually timed pre-exercise SB ingestion on 2 km rowing time trial (TT) performance in female athletes.

Methods: Eleven female CrossFit® athletes (mean ± SD age, 29 y ± 4 y, body mass, 64.

Nutritional intakes of highly trained adolescent swimmers before, during, and after a national lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Strict lockdown measures were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused mass disruption to adolescent swimmers' daily routines. To measure how lockdown impacted nutritional practices in this cohort, three-day photograph food diaries were analysed at three time points: before (January), during (April), and after (September) the first UK lockdown. Thirteen swimmers (aged 15 ± 1 years) from a high-performance swimming club submitted satisfactory food diaries at all time points.

The Effects of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Sports Nutrition Knowledge during a Competitive Season in Highly Trained Adolescent Swimmers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a seven-week nutrition education intervention on the sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) of highly trained UK adolescent swimmers. Fifteen national and international adolescent swimmers (males = 5; females = 10, 15.5 ± 1.

Four Weeks of Probiotic Supplementation Alters the Metabolic Perturbations Induced by Marathon Running: Insight from Metabolomics.

Few data are available that describe how probiotics influence systemic metabolism during endurance exercise. Metabolomic profiling of endurance athletes will elucidate mechanisms by which probiotics may confer benefits to the athlete. In this study, twenty-four runners (20 male, 4 female) were block randomised into two groups using a double-blind matched-pairs design according to their most recent Marathon performance.

A critical review of citrulline malate supplementation and exercise performance.

As a nitric oxide (NO) enhancer, citrulline malate (CM) has recently been touted as a potential ergogenic aid to both resistance and high-intensity exercise performance, as well as the recovery of muscular performance. The mechanism has been associated with enhanced blood flow to active musculature, however, it might be more far-reaching as either ammonia homeostasis could be improved, or ATP production could be increased via greater availability of malate. Moreover, CM might improve muscle recovery via increased nutrient delivery and/or removal of waste products.

The time to peak blood bicarbonate (HCO3-), pH, and the strong ion difference (SID) following sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion in highly trained adolescent swimmers.

The timing of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation has been suggested to be most optimal when coincided with a personal time that bicarbonate (HCO3-) or pH peaks in the blood following ingestion. However, the ergogenic mechanisms supporting this ingestion strategy are strongly contested. It is therefore plausible that NaHCO3 may be ergogenic by causing beneficial shifts in the strong ion difference (SID), though the time course of this blood acid base balance variable is yet to be investigated.

Capsule Size Alters the Timing of Metabolic Alkalosis Following Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation.

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) is a well-established nutritional ergogenic aid that is typically ingested as a beverage or consumed in gelatine capsules. While capsules may delay the release of NaHCO and reduce gastrointestinal (GI) side effects compared with a beverage, it is currently unclear whether the capsule size may influence acid-base responses and GI symptoms following supplementation. This study aims to determine the effects of NaHCO supplementation, administered in capsules of different sizes, on acid-base responses, GI symptoms, and palatability.

An Assessment of the Validity of the Remote Food Photography Method (Termed Snap-N-Send) in Experienced and Inexperienced Sport Nutritionists.

The remote food photography method, often referred to as "Snap-N-Send" by sport nutritionists, has been reported as a valid method to assess energy intake in athletic populations. However, preliminary studies were not conducted in true free-living conditions, and dietary assessment was performed by one researcher only. The authors, therefore, assessed the validity of Snap-N-Send to assess the energy and macronutrient composition in experienced (EXP, n = 23) and inexperienced (INEXP, n = 25) sport nutritionists.

Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion Improves Time-to-Exhaustion Cycling Performance and Alters Estimated Energy System Contribution: A Dose-Response Investigation.

This study investigated the effects of two sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) doses on estimated energy system contribution and performance during an intermittent high-intensity cycling test (HICT), and time-to-exhaustion (TTE) exercise. Twelve healthy males (stature: 1.75 ± 0.

High Prevalence of Cannabidiol Use Within Male Professional Rugby Union and League Players: A Quest for Pain Relief and Enhanced Recovery.

Rugby is characterized by frequent high-intensity collisions, resulting in muscle soreness. Players consequently seek strategies to reduce soreness and accelerate recovery, with an emerging method being cannabidiol (CBD), despite anti-doping risks. The prevalence and rationale for CBD use in rugby has not been explored; therefore, we recruited professional male players to complete a survey on CBD.

The effect of astaxanthin supplementation on performance and fat oxidation during a 40 km cycling time trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether supplementation with 12 mg⋅day astaxanthin for 7 days can improve exercise performance and metabolism during a 40 km cycling time trial.

Design: A randomised, double-blind, crossover design was employed.

Methods: Twelve recreationally trained male cyclists (VO: 56.

Post-exercise provision of 40 g of protein during whole body resistance training further augments strength adaptations in elderly males.

 In the elderly, low protein intake exacerbates the effects of sarcopenia and anabolic resistance.  Protein supplementation to maximise muscle protein synthesis, may be an effective intervention. Aim: To determine the effects of a low/high dose of protein, ingested immediately post-exercise, during resistance training in novice elderly males.

Enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves high-intensity cycling performance in trained cyclists.

Purpose: Enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) can attenuate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following acute bicarbonate loading, although the subsequent effects on exercise performance have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of enteric-coated NaHCO supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance and GI symptoms.

Methods: Eleven trained male cyclists completed three 4 km time trials after consuming; a placebo or 0.

Enteric-Coated Sodium Bicarbonate Attenuates Gastrointestinal Side-Effects.

Enteric-formulated capsules can mitigate gastrointestinal (GI) side effects following sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion; however, it remains unclear how encapsulation alters postingestion symptoms and acid-base balance. The current study aimed to identify the optimal ingestion form to mitigate GI distress following NaHCO3 ingestion. Trained males (n = 14) ingested 300 mg/kg body mass of NaHCO3 in gelatin (GEL), delayed-release (DEL), and enteric-coated (ENT) capsules or a placebo in a randomized cross-over design.

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing.

Background In this Position Statement, the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the literature pertinent to nutritional considerations for training and racing in single-stage ultra-marathon. Recommendations for Training. i) Ultra-marathon runners should aim to meet the caloric demands of training by following an individualized and periodized strategy, comprising a varied, food-first approach; ii) Athletes should plan and implement their nutrition strategy with sufficient time to permit adaptations that enhance fat oxidative capacity; iii) The evidence overwhelmingly supports the inclusion of a moderate-to-high carbohydrate diet (i.

Post-exercise Supplementation of Sodium Bicarbonate Improves Acid Base Balance Recovery and Subsequent High-Intensity Boxing Specific Performance.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of post-exercise sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) ingestion (0.3 g.kg body mass) on the recovery of acid-base balance (pH, , and the SID) and subsequent exercise performance in elite boxers.

Four weeks of probiotic supplementation reduces GI symptoms during a marathon race.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, circulatory markers of GI permeability, damage, and markers of immune response during a marathon race.

Methods: Twenty-four recreational runners were randomly assigned to either supplement with a probiotic (PRO) capsule [25 billion CFU Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL60 and CUL21), Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL20), and Bifidobacterium animalis subs p. Lactis (CUL34)] or placebo (PLC) for 28 days prior to a marathon race.

A Novel Ingestion Strategy for Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in a Delayed-Release Form: a Randomised Crossover Study in Trained Males.

Background: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) is a well-established nutritional ergogenic aid, though gastrointestinal (GI) distress is a common side-effect. Delayed-release NaHCO may alleviate GI symptoms and enhance bicarbonate bioavailability following oral ingestion, although this has yet to be confirmed.

Methods: In a randomised crossover design, pharmacokinetic responses and acid-base status were compared following two forms of NaHCO, as were GI symptoms.