Evolution of drug resistance during 48 weeks of zidovudine/lamivudine/tenofovir in the absence of real-time viral load monitoring.

Objectives: To describe the resistance mutations selected by a first-line regimen of zidovudine/lamivudine/tenofovir in the absence of real-time viral load monitoring.

Design: A substudy of 300 participants from the Development of Antiretroviral Therapy in Africa trial in Uganda and Zimbabwe, which compared managing antiretroviral therapy with and without laboratory monitoring.

Methods: Stored plasma samples from selected time points were assayed retrospectively for HIV-1 RNA.

Viral rebound and emergence of drug resistance in the absence of viral load testing: a randomized comparison between zidovudine-lamivudine plus Nevirapine and zidovudine-lamivudine plus Abacavir.

Background: We investigated virological response and the emergence of resistance in the Nevirapine or Abacavir (NORA) substudy of the Development of Antiretroviral Treatment in Africa (DART) trial.

Methods: Six hundred symptomatic antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults (CD4 cell count, <200 cells/mm(3)) from 2 Ugandan centers were randomized to receive zidovudine-lamivudine plus abacavir or nevirapine. Virology was performed retrospectively on stored plasma samples at selected time points.

In vivo HIV-1 compartmentalisation: drug resistance-associated mutation distribution.

Four patients who had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and had postmortem samples stored, were tested for genotypic resistance using consensus sequencing. One patient was further investigated using single-copy sequencing. Patients 1, 3, and 4 showed a relatively uniform distribution of resistance-associated mutations, with only a small number (one to three) of protease mutations detectable.