Haemodynamic parameters in postmenopausal women - beneficial effect of moderate continuous exercise training.

Introduction And Objective: Physical effort plays a positive role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiovascular status in postmenopausal women after several years of regular amateur training.

Material And Methods: A total of 55 generally healthy females aged 50-70 years, of whom 38 were members of a senior exercise group and 17 comprised a control group, were enrolled in the study.

[Stochastic resonance method in physiotherapy - a review of the literature].

Non-linearity is an important feature of many human body structures that may result from deterministic properties of the body and noise. Noise is defined as accidental or irregular fluctuations or disturbances that are not part of the signal. Stochastic resonance (SR), the term originally used in a very specific context, is now widely used to describe any phenomenon in which the presence of noise in a nonlinear system is better for the quality of the output signal than its absence.

Methods for acquiring data on terrain geomorphology, course geometry and kinematics of competitors' runs in alpine skiing: a historical review.

Purpose: This paper aims at the description and comparison of methods of topographic analysis of racing courses at all disciplines of alpine skiing sports for the purposes of obtaining: terrain geomorphology (snowless and with snow), course geometry, and competitors' runs.

Methods: The review presents specific methods and instruments according to the order of their historical appearance as follows: (1) azimuth method with the use of a compass, tape and goniometer instruments; (2) optical method with geodetic theodolite, laser and photocells; (3) triangulation method with the aid of a tape and goniometer; (4) image method with the use of video cameras; (5) differential global positioning system and carrier phase global positioning system methods.

Results: Described methods were used at homologation procedure, at training sessions, during competitions of local level and during International Ski Federation World Championships or World Cups.