Immunogenicity, Efficacy, and Safety of Biosimilar Insulin Glargine (Gan & Lee Glargine) Compared With Originator Insulin Glargine (Lantus) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes After 26 Weeks Treatment.

Objective: To compare the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of Gan & Lee insulin glargine (GL Glargine) with that of the originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: This was a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, open-label, equivalence study. Five hundred seventy-six subjects with T1DM were randomized 1:1 to receive either GL Glargine or Lantus treatment for 26 weeks.

Rigid Body Dynamics Algorithm for Modeling Random Packing Structures of Nonspherical and Nonconvex Pellets.

Despite the common use of nonspherical catalyst pellets in chemical engineering applications, the packing structures of such pellets have not been as systematically studied and characterized as spherical packings. We propose a packing algorithm based on rigid body dynamics to simulate packing of nonspherical and possibly nonconvex pellets. The algorithm exerts a hard-body approach to model collision phenomena.

Perspectives of Microwaves-Enhanced Heterogeneous Catalytic Gas-Phase Processes in Flow Systems.

The paper discusses the currents status and future perspectives of the utilization of microwaves, as a selective and locally controlled heating method, in heterogeneous catalytic flow reactors. Various factors related to the microwave-catalyst interaction and the design of microwave-assisted catalytic reactor systems are analyzed. The analysis clearly shows the superiority of the traveling-wave systems over the mono-mode and multi-mode cavity-based systems when it comes to the design and application of microwave flow reactors at relevant production scales.

Complexity and Challenges in Noncontact High Temperature Measurements in Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Reactors.

The complexity and challenges in noncontact temperature measurements inside microwave-heated catalytic reactors are presented in this paper. A custom-designed microwave cavity has been used to focus the microwave field on the catalyst and enable monitoring of the temperature field in 2D. A methodology to study the temperature distribution in the catalytic bed by using a thermal camera in combination with a thermocouple for a heterogeneous catalytic reaction (methane dry reforming) under microwave heating has been demonstrated.

Penrose triangles of the fossil-to-bio-based transition.

Transition within the chemical industry from fossil to green feedstocks is a complex process characterized by the generation of commercially viable feedstock-process-product triangles. The research in this area encompasses a great diversity of relevant topics. A number of those topics have been addressed within this volume of Faraday Discussions and are summarized in this paper.

Subtle Microwave-Induced Overheating Effects in an Industrial Demethylation Reaction and Their Direct Use in the Development of an Innovative Microwave Reactor.

A systematic study of the conventional and microwave (MW) kinetics of an industrially relevant demethylation reaction is presented. In using industrially relevant reaction conditions the dominant influence of the solvent on the MW energy dissipation is avoided. Below the boiling point, the effect of MWs on the activation energy E and k is found nonexistent.

Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) as bioindicator of different types of pollution in aquatic ecosystems-application of self-organizing feature map (neural network).

The contents of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in leaves of Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail), water and bottom sediment from 72 study sites designated in different regions of Poland were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The aim of the study was to evaluate potential use of T. latifolia in biomonitoring of trace metal pollution.

Macro- and microelement distribution in organs of Glyceria maxima and biomonitoring applications.

The content of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and of trace metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co and Ni) in water, bottom sediments and various organs of Glyceria maxima from 19 study sites selected in the Jeziorka River was determined. In general, the concentrations of nutrients recorded in the plant material decreased in the following order: leaf>root>rhizome>stem, while the concentrations of the trace elements showed the following accumulation scheme: root>rhizome>leaf>stem. The bioaccumulation and transfer factors for nutrients were significantly higher than for trace metals.

[Ocular complications of the diabetes--diagnostic and therapeutic implications].

Author describe actual knowledge about diabetes epidemiology and ocular complications in course of diabetes. More information about innovation diabetic macular edema treatment is done.

Triple therapy: Phaco-vitrectomy with ILM peeling, retinal endophotocoagulation, and intraoperative use of bevacizumab for diffuse diabetic macular edema.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the visual acuity and structural outcomes of combined phacovitrectomy with ILM peeling, retinal endophotocoagulation and use of bevacizumab in patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema (DDME).

Material/methods: In this prospective, nonrandomized, interventional study we included 29 eyes of 26 patients with DDME. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness and volume (CRT and CRV) were recorded at 4, 8, 12, and 16 months after surgery.

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with normal tension glaucoma: 24-h heart rate and blood pressure variability analysis.

Aims: To define parameters of autonomic nervous system activity in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: Ambulatory 24-h ECG (Lifecard CF) and 24-h blood pressure (BP) monitoring (SpaceLab 90207-30) were carried out in 54 patients with NTG (44 women, mean age 59.7) and 43 matched control subjects (34 women, mean age 57.

Athyrium distentifolium used for bioindication at different altitudes in the Tatra National Park (South Poland).

This research is a continuation of investigations on the biogeochemistry of metal accumulation of the fern Athyrium distentifolium in the Tatra National Park in Poland. This species, abundantly growing throughout the Tatra mountains, was sampled from sites with identical type of bedrocks (granites/gneisses) at various altitudes between 1000 and 2050 m a.s.

[Pharmacological treatment of recurrent idiopathic anterior uveitis].

Recurrent anterior uveitis (AU) is an autoimmune disease that in 20% of patients leads to severe visual loss or blindness, thereby a severe disability and significant quality of life impairment. That is why, it is important to conduct a long term treatment after an acute phase of the disease, to keep the remission as long as possible. Up to 50% of patients with recurrent AU have no additional symptoms of systemic disease.

Effectiveness of ranibizumab intravitreal injections for exudative age-related macular degeneration treatment: 12-month outcomes.

Background: The aim of this paper was to evaluate functional and anatomical results of intravitreal ranibizumab injections and the course of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treatment over a 12-month observation period.

Material/methods: In 25 patients with active dominantly classic exudative AMD, treatment was performed according to the following schedule: 3 intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg ranibizumab at monthly intervals (saturation phase); further injections were based on activity of the neovascular process.

Intraocular pressure and ocular hemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma treated with the combination of morning dosing of bimatoprost and dorzolamide hydrochloride.

Aims: This prospective, multicenter, single-masked study evaluated the additive effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride 2% on the diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) curve and retinal and retrobulbar hemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with morning-dosed bimatoprost 0.03%.

Methods: Eighty-nine patients (aged, 60.

Intensified reaction and separation systems.

Process intensification follows four main goals: to maximize the effectiveness of intra- and intermolecular events, to give each molecule the same processing experience, to optimize the driving forces/maximize specific interfacial areas, and to maximize the synergistic effects of partial processes. This paper shows how these goals can be reached in reaction and separation systems at all relevant time and length scales and is focused on the structuring of reactors and separation units, on the use of different energy forms to improve the reaction and separation, on combining and superimposing of different phenomena in one integrated unit or reactor, and on the application of oscillations for intensification of reaction and separation processes.

[Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)--primary results "Bus-Tour'2011" action].

Purpose: The aim of article is to sum up "Bus-Tour'2011" action concerning age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Material And Methods: Between March 29 to May 28.2011 in 10 polish cities 7292 persons were examined.

Future possibilities in glaucoma therapy.

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases causing irreversible optic nerve damage. This review presents 4 elements of future glaucoma treatment strategies: baroprotection, vasoprotection, neuroprotection and gene therapy. New baroprotection includes compounds that alter the actin cytoskeleton (rho-kinase inhibitors, latrunculin, cytochalasin), new drugs that enhance aqueous outflow via the trabecular meshwork (statins, steroid antagonists) and via the uveoscleral route (EP2 agonists, 5-HT2 agonists), as well as new classes of components that suppress aqueous humor formation (cannabinoids).

Market Basket Analysis: a new tool in ecology to describe chemical relations in the environment--a case study of the fern Athyrium distentifolium in the Tatra National Park in Poland.

In this study, the novel data mining technique Market Basket Analysis (MBA) was applied for the first time in biogeochemical and ecological investigations. The method was tested on the fern Athyrium distentifolium, in which we measured concentrations of the elements Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Plants were sampled from sites with different types of bedrock in the Tatra National Park in Poland.

[Combined surgical and pharmacological treatment of diabetic maculopathy].

There are at least three avenues of investigation that support the theoretical value of vitrectomy for the treatment of DME, based on (1) vitrectomy with ILM peeling for the relief of traction on the macula, (2) vitrectomy to improve oxygenation of the macula leading to decreased vascular permeability with subsequent resolution or decrease in DME, and (3) ILM peeling to remove a part of the Müller cell endfeet and the horizontal gliosis. Visual improvement could be due to the induction of a higher overexpression of GFAP at the Müller cells level. It is likely that the proliferation of GFAP-stained gliofibrils, observed in these cells, preserves the blood-retinal barrier, reinforces architectural cohesion, and opposes the installation of the edema.

The additive effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride (Trusopt) and a morning dose of bimatoprost (Lumigan) on intraocular pressure and retrobulbar blood flow in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Aims: To assess the additive effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride 2% on the diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) curve and retrobulbar haemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with morning-dosed bimatoprost 0.03%.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with POAG were evaluated in a prospective, single-masked study.

Combined surgery for cataract and glaucoma: PDS with absorbable SK-gel implant compared with PDS with non-absorbable T-flux implant - medium-term results.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification - deep sclerectomy (PDS) with absorbable SK-gel or non-absorbable T-flux implantation.

Research Design And Method: The study involved eyes after PDS with SK-gel (32 eyes) and T-flux (20 eyes). Primary open angle glaucoma without satisfying intraocular pressure (IOP) control (> or =21 mmHg) despite maximally tolerated medication or with progression of the visual field and cataract was the indication for surgery.

Lens epithelial cell damage after exposure to deionized water to prevent posterior capsule opacification after phacoemulsification: an in vitro study.

Background: The aim was to study the effects of distilled deionized water (DDW) on lens epithelial cells (LECs) after two different exposure times in the context of preventing posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after phacoemulsification.

Material/methods: Twenty-one subjects (21 eyes) (12 women, 9 men), with a mean age of 74.5 + or - 7.