Changes in oral cavity during period of intensive vomiting in patient with somatoform autonomic dysfunction - description of the case.

Introduction: The most important endogenous causes of erosion are eating disorders, gastro-oesophageal reflux (GERD), alcoholism and syndromes involving lowered saliva secretion.

Aim: The aim of this work is to study a patient with symptoms of somatoform autonomic dysfunction, in which significant erosive loss occurred through chemical influence of gastric acid on oral cavity.

Methods: Seventeen years old girl was sent to Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry due to persistent nausea and vomiting, which occurred over a period of about 10 months.

The assessment of the impact of anorexia nervosa on the vocal apparatus in adolescent girls - A preliminary report.

Background: Chronic undernourishment in the course of anorexia nervosa leads to various metabolic and hormonal changes, which translates to the impaired functioning of the majority of systems and internal organs. The impact of eating disorders on the condition of the vocal apparatus has been described in the literature; nevertheless, it concerns mainly bulimia nervosa.

Objectives: assessment of the vocal apparatus in adolescent girls diagnosed with anorexia nervosa from the point of view of possible influence on the function and structure of the larynx, low body mass accompanying anorexia, as well as energy deficiency, hormonal and emotional disturbances.

Salivary and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) assays in anorexic patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the salivary and serum free IGF-1 concentration of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) in comparison to an average population.

Methods: A controlled clinical trial was designed for an age- and gender-matched group of 121 AN patients and 77 healthy individuals. A clinical examination was made and blood and salivary samples were taken during the acute stage of AN (BMI < 15 kg/m) in the first week of hospitalization.

[Macroscopic evaluation of the oral mucosa and analysis of salivary pH in patients with anorexia nervosa].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to evaluate the status of the oral mucosa, to assess the prevalence of Candida in the oral cavity and to analyze the pH values of total saliva in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) in comparison to the general population.

Method: A controlled clinical trial was designed for two, age-matched, female groups: patients with AN (Group A, n=31) and healthy women (Group 0, n = 40). Total saliva was collected at rest and after stimulation by chewing paraffin wax.

Parotid gland flow activity and inorganic composition in purging bulimic patients treated with fluoxetine.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish whether vomiting bulimic and/or non-bulimic depressive patients, both treated with the serotonin reuptake inhibitor SI-5-HT (fluoxetine), have differing proportions of inorganic components (specifically, sodium, potassium and calcium) in their parotid salivary gland secretions, than in the average population.

Methods: A controlled clinical trial was designed for three age-matched female groups: bulimic patients receiving fluoxetine 40 mg/day (n = 33), non-bulimic patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder (fluoxetine 20 mg/day, n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 51). Parotid saliva was collected using a Lashley cap while the subjects were at rest.

Serum neurotrophin concentrations in polish adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa.

Objectives: Several lines of evidence suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in weight regulation and eating behaviors as well as in the activity-dependent neuroplasticity underlying learning and memory behaviors involving the hippocampus. In anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, abnormal serum BDNF concentrations, cognitive impairments and specific personality traits have been traditionally observed. This study explores the levels of four serum neurotrophins [BDNF, neurotrophin 3 (NTF3), neurotrophin 4 (NTF4) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)] with respect to their use as potential biomarkers for AN.

The study of candidate genes related to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of anorexia nervosa: classical association study versus decision tree.

In this research, we conducted a study of genes connected with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of anorexia nervosa, using classical statistical and data-mining methods to establish a relationship with disease risk and algorithms to identify the best genetic predictors of anorexia nervosa.

[Searching for Tourette's syndrome gene. Part 2. Patient's genome variability].

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a complex, heterozygous genetic disorder. Twenty chromosomal rearrangements (7q22-q31, 8q13-q22, and 18q22) indicating genomic regions which may be involved in the etiology of the disorder have been reported in families with GTS. Moreover, pathogenic mutations responsible for GTS were found in the SLITRK1 and the L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) genes.

[Searching for Tourette's syndrome gene. Part 1. Heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes].

The French neuropsychiatrist Georges Gilles de la Tourette described in 1885 the "Maladie des Tics" which later was named after him, as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by simple and complex motor and vocal tics with multiple neuropsychiatric comorbidities. GTS is often concurrent with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

[Visual-spatial functions and organisation of grapho-motor actions in ADHD children].

Aim: The aim of the study was to test whether children with a diagnosis of ADHD at the age of 7-16 years have deficits in visual-spatial, visual memory, planning, and organisation of the visual-motor functions.

Methods: The study included 186 unrelated patients aged 7-16 years diagnosed with ADHD. The control group consisted of 156 healthy individuals aged 7-16 years.

Flow rates and inorganic composition of whole saliva in purging bulimic patients treated with a fluoxetine.

Objectives: The current study established whether vomiting bulimic and/or non-bulimic depressive patients, both treated with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine), have changes in their whole salivary secretion and inorganic components: Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+).

Methods: From 108 female subjects, namely bulimics (Group B) (fluoxetine: 40 mg/day) (n=33), non-bulimic depressives (Group D) (fluoxetine: 20 mg/day) (n=25) and a Group C of 50 healthy controls, unstimulated and stimulated saliva was collected. The concentrations of Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) were determined by colorimetric photometry method (Effox 5053, Eppendorf, Germany).

Brain derived neurotrophic factor gene Val66Met and -270C/T polymorphisms and personality traits predisposing to anorexia nervosa.

Objectives: Polymorphisms in BDNF gene has been proposed, as susceptibility loci for stress-related psychiatric disorders. Several lines of molecular and biochemical evidence point to the role of BDNF in anorexia nervosa (AN). Personality traits may constitute the intermediate phenotypes between genes and vulnerability to AN.

[Is the developmental model accurate for all psychiatric disorders?].

In the 1980's a neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia was proposed. Since that time, the role of early developmental age as a risk period for action of etiological factors in psychosis was confirmed. Additionally, many disturbances of pre-schizophrenic persons in the developmental age were demonstrated.

[Evaluation of oral health in bulimia nervosa].

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the dental status of bulimics with self inducing vomiting.

Method: 33 bulimic female patients aged between 17 to 20, who were in need of hospitalization in the Department of Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, were compared to 31 age and sex matched healthy controls aged between 18 to 36. For each subject dental examination including calculation of caries, erosion and oral hygiene indexes: PlI, OHI-S, DMFT and TWI was performed.

[Efficacy of buspirone and fluoxetine in short-term treatment of bulimia nervosa].

Unlabelled: Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder, which affects mainly young females. The basic therapeutic modalities include pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive behavioural therapy and combined treatment.

Aim: This 12-week open label study was performed to assess the efficacy of buspirone-5-HT1A receptor agonist in the treatment of bulimia, and to compare it with the efficacy of fluoxetine --the standard treatment of BN.

[Genetic background of ADHD: genes of the serotonergic system, other candidate genes, endophenotype].

Recent studies have shown that in the aetiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) genetic factors may be of importance. Biochemical and pharmacological studies reveal a connection between abnormalities of dopaminergic, adrenergic and serotonergic system and ADHD. Therefore genes for enzymes synthesizing or degrading proper neurotransmitters, genes for adequate transporters and receptors and genes for other substances, which altered the level of neurotransmitters, are studied.

[Genetic background of ADHD: population studies, genes of the catecholamine system].

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) begins in early childhood. In this article we review the studies supporting a genetic background of this disorder. ADHD occurs in 3-10% of the general population.

The 5-HT2A -1438 A/G and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms and personality dimensions in adolescent anorexia nervosa: association study.

Disturbances of serotonergic neurotransmission and temperamental vulnerability have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN). We genotyped the -1438 A/G polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene and serotonin transporter linked-polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in 132 adolescent subjects with AN and in 93 healthy controls. Personality dimensions in AN patients were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory.

TNF-α and intPLA2 genes' polymorphism in anorexia nervosa.

Objective: The aim of this study was the assessment of -308G/A tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene polymorphism and intPLA2 gene polymorphism in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls.

Subjects: We studied 91 non-related patients with AN and 144 healthy women (blood donors and students). The mean age of women from study group was 18.

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Background: Female patients with anorexia nervosa differ significantly from the control women in various dimensions of personality.

Objective: To investigate the personality dimensions measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in adolescent patients with restrictive-type and bulimic/purging-type anorexia nervosa (ANR and ANB, respectively), and contrast them with the results of control females.

Methods: Sixty-one patients with anorexia nervosa (36 ANR and 25 ANB) and 60 controls were tested with the TCI.

[Evaluation of temperament and personality in bulimia nervosa].

Unlabelled: Previous studies revealed the possibility of abnormal personality development role in the etiology of eating disorders. It was found that a diagnosis of personality disorders, mostly borderline personality and/or histrionic personality can be made in about 44-46% of bulimic patients. The inconsistencies in identifying personality types using categorical assessment approaches have encouraged a conceptualization of the personality from a dimensional perspective.

[Associative processes disorders in schizophrenia].

This paper tries to approach and systematize knowledge about the character of associative process disorders in schizophrenia. In considering schizophrenia as an illness composed of various symptoms which may lead to different clinical progress, the paper is mainly focused on disorganization of thinking and, consequently, speaking and communication disorders. Authors reviewed various concept of pathogenesis and course of associative process disorders in schizophrenic patients.

[Association study of 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphism in anorexia nervosa in Polish population].

Aim: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disorder of complex etiopathogenesis including the genetic factors. The previous studies on the role of -1438 A/G promoter polymorphism in 5-HT2A receptor gene brought conflicting results, and it is possible that the analysed polymorphism increases the risk of AN only in some ethnic groups. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of -1438 A/G polymorphism in Polish patients with AN and ethnically matched healthy controls.

[Thyroid function and lipid metabolism in patients with anorexia nervosa].

Aim: There are clinical similarities between anorexia nervosa (AN) and hypothyroidism. Previous reports have shown decrease FT3, increase rT3, sporadically decrease FT4 and normal levels of serum TSH.

Method: To assess thyroid function in 36 patients with AN (4 males, 32 females the subjects ages ranged from 12 to 18 yrs) serum levels of FT4, FT3, rT3, TSH were measured.